Extreme drought shapes the gut microbiota composition and function of common cranes () wintering in Poyang Lake.

Introduction: Extreme weather events driven by climate change profoundly affect migratory birds by altering their habitats, food sources, and migration routes. While gut microbiota is believed to play a role in helping birds adapt to environmental changes, research on how extreme weather impacts their gut microbiota and how these microbial communities respond to such conditions has been limited.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilized to investigate the gut microbiota of common cranes () wintering at Poyang Lake from 2020 to 2023, with a particular focus on their response to extreme drought conditions on both inter-annual and monthly timescales.

Explainable machine learning model for predicting the risk of significant liver fibrosis in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent complication in patients with type 2 diabetes, has attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have explored a plausible association between retinopathy and significant liver fibrosis. The aim of this investigation was to develop a sophisticated machine learning (ML) model, leveraging comprehensive clinical datasets, to forecast the likelihood of significant liver fibrosis in patients with retinopathy and to interpret the ML model by applying the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method.

Comparative Review for Enhancing CO Capture Efficiency with Mixed Amine Systems and Catalysts.

This study investigates methods to enhance the efficiency of CO capture using organic amine absorption and compares the performance of traditional and novel amine solvents. It reviews various single-component and mixed amine absorbents, as well as catalysts used in these methods, highlighting the superiority of mixed amine absorbents over single-component amine absorbents in CO absorption and desorption. Additionally, the study explores the catalytic mechanisms and effects of catalysts in the CO absorption/desorption process with amine solvents and provides an outlook on future research directions.

A diagnostic prediction model for the early detection of heart failure following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: In this study, we aimed to construct a robust diagnostic model that can predict the early onset of heart failure in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This diagnostic model can facilitate the early stratification of high-risk patients, thereby optimizing therapeutic management.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 664 patients with STEMI who underwent their inaugural PCI.

Physical seed damage, not rodent's saliva, accelerates seed germination of trees in a subtropical forest.

Many tree species adopt fast seed germination to escape the predation risk by rodents. Physical seed damage and the saliva of rodents on partially consumed seeds may act as cues for seeds to accelerate germination process. However, the impacts of these factors on seed germination rate and speed remain unclear.

eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals the Species-Area Relationship of Amphibians on the Zhoushan Archipelago.

The species-area relationship is important for understanding species diversity patterns at spatial scales, but few studies have examined the relationship using environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques. We investigated amphibian diversity on 21 islands of the Zhoushan Archipelago and nearby mainland areas in China using the combination of eDNA metabarcoding and the traditional line transect method (TLTM) and identified the species-area relationship for amphibians on the islands. The mean detection probability of eDNA is 0.

Microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes myotube hypertrophy by Foxo3/NAD signaling pathway.

Background: Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a regulatory role in skeletal muscle growth and development, which be known as gut-muscle axis. 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PPA), a metabolite produced by colonic microorganisms from phenylalanine in the gut, presents in large quantities in the blood circulation. But few study revealed its function in skeletal muscle development.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for predicting post-discharge mortality risk in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Background: Accurately predicting post-discharge mortality risk in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) remains a complex and critical challenge. The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a robust risk prediction model to assess the 12-month and 24-month mortality risk in STEMI patients after hospital discharge.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 664 STEMI patients who underwent PPCI at Xiangtan Central Hospital Chest Pain Center between 2020 and 2022.

Mitochondrial quality control alterations and placenta-related disorders.

Mitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Normal maintenance of function is the premise and basis for various physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in a wide range of pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and various diseases related to foetal growth and development.

Suppression of wavelength-dependent polarization fading using hybrid-polarization scheme in OFDR.

What we believe to be a new hybrid-polarization diversity scheme which can eliminate the polarization state variation caused by wavelength tuning of laser in optical frequency domain reflectometry is proposed in the paper. In the scheme, a 45° polarizer is used to maintain the polarization of signals. It decreases the polarization angle fluctuation to 2.

Sex-specific impact of mild obesity on the prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

This study aimed to clarify the existence of the mild obesity paradox in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and assess the impact of mild obesity on the prognosis of STEMI. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on STEMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Xiangtan Central Hospital from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2022. After excluding individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of no less than 35 kg/m, subjects were divided into the mildly obese group (BMI, 30-35 kg/m) and non-obese group (BMI < 30 kg/m).

Impact of chest pain center quality control indicators on mortality risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a study based on Killip classification.

Background: Despite the crucial role of Chest pain centers (CPCs) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management, China's mortality rate for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has remained stagnant. This study evaluates the influence of CPC quality control indicators on mortality risk in STEMI patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A cohort of 664 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI from 2020 to 2022 was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Nucleophile-Controlled Trapping of Gold Carbene by Nitriles and Water: Synthesis of 5-Pyrimido[5,4-]indoles and 2-Benzylidene-3-indolinones.

A gold-catalyzed, nucleophile-controlled cascade reaction of -(2-azidophenyl-ynyl)methanesulfonamides with nitriles and water is described that provides structurally diverse 5-pyrimido[5,4-]indoles and 2-benzylidene-3-indolinones in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the β-sulfonamido-α-imino gold carbene is the key intermediate which is generated through the gold-catalyzed cyclization of -(2-azidophenyl-ynyl)methanesulfonamides and undergoes formal [4 + 2] cascade annulation with nitriles and intramolecular S2' type reaction with water, respectively.

Prognostic impact of lung ultrasound detected B-lines on hospitalised ischaemic heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction patients.

Objectives: Prognostic impact of lung ultrasound-derived B-lines (LUS-BL) in heart failure with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF) patients remains elusive. We evaluated the correlation between LUS-BL and prognosis in HFmrEF patients.

Methods: This is a subgroup analysis based on our previously published retrospective study with 1691 HFmrEF patients.

Impact of signs and symptoms on the prognosis of patients with HFmrEF.

Background: Worsening of heart failure (HF) symptoms is the leading cause of medical contact and hospitalization of patients with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). The prognostic value of signs and symptoms for patients with HFmrEF is currently unclear. This study investigated the prognostic impact of signs and symptoms in HFmrEF patients.

Exploring the mechanism of the PTP1B inhibitors by molecular dynamics and experimental study.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has proven to be an attractive target for the treatment of cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Although many PTP1B inhibitors with various scaffolds have been developed, there is still a lack of PTP1B inhibitor with high specificity and acceptable pharmacological properties. Therefore, it is urgent to develop more methods to explore complex action mode of PTP1B and ligands for designing ideal PTP1B modulators.

Red blood cell count and risk of adverse outcomes in patients with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: Anemia is associated with increased rates of heart failure (HF)-related mortality and hospitalization. No studies have focused on the association between the red blood cell (RBC) count and the prognosis of patients with HF with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF). We retrospectively analyzed the effect of the RBC count on outcome events in patients with HFmrEF.

Impact of atrial fibrillation on cerebro-cardiovascular outcome of heart failure with mildly-reduced ejection fraction.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often co-exist and are closely intertwined. The impact of AF on the outcome of patients with heart failure with mildly-reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is not fully clear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AF on the outcomes of hospitalized HFmrEF patients.

Experimental study on carbon capture characteristics of marine engine exhaust gas by activated potassium carbonate absorbent.

Post-combustion carbon capture is a direct and effective way for onboard carbon capture. Therefore, it is important to develop onboard carbon capture absorbent that can both ensure a high absorption rate and reduce the energy consumption of the desorption process. In this paper, a KCO solution was first established using Aspen Plus to simulate CO capture from the exhaust gases of a marine dual-fuel engine in diesel mode.

Sex differences in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Clinical studies on heart failure with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF) have gradually increased. However, studies on the prognostic differences between men and women among patients with HFmrEF are few, and no evidence on sex differences in such patients exists. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed the data of patients with HFmrEF using propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA).

Temporal Convolutional Network-Based Signal Detection for Magnetotactic Bacteria Communication System.

Molecular communication (MC) aims to use signaling molecules as information carriers to achieve communication between biological entities. However, MC systems severely suffer from inter symbol interference (ISI) and external noise, making it virtually difficult to obtain accurate mathematical models. Specifically, the mathematically intractable channel state information (CSI) of MC motivates the deep learning (DL) based signal detection methods.

Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2-Alkynyl Aryl Azides with Enecarbamates for Direct Synthesis of α-(3-Indolyl)ketones.

α-(3-Indolyl)ketones are essential building blocks for the generation of biologically active molecules. We described a new method for the direct assembly of α-(3-indolyl)ketones through the cascade reaction of 2-alkynyl aryl azides with enecarbamates, in which the in situ generated α-imino gold carbene intermediate was trapped by enecarbamate to achieve umpolung reactivity of indole at the 3-position.