Alcohol Use Disorder Polygenic Score Compared With Family History and ADH1B.

Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and subsequent application of prevention and intervention programs has been reported to decrease the incidence of AUD. The polygenic score (PGS), which measures an individual's genetic liability to a disease, can potentially be used to evaluate AUD risk.

Objective: To assess the estimability and generalizability of the PGS, compared with family history and ADH1B, in evaluating the risk of AUD among populations of European ancestry.

Systematic functional characterization of non-coding regulatory SNPs associated with central obesity.

Central obesity is associated with higher risk of developing a wide range of diseases independent of overall obesity. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 300 susceptibility loci associated with central obesity. However, the functional understanding of these loci is limited by the fact that most loci are in non-coding regions.

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram model for severe osteomyelitis patients.

After severe infection in osteomyelitis patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), there's a higher risk of mortality. However, limited research exists on predicting prognosis. Develop a predictive model for 1-year mortality risk in ICU-admitted osteomyelitis patients to inform clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality in severe osteomyelitis patients.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is considered to be associated with the prognosis of patients with severe infections. This study aims to investigate the relationship between RDW and prognosis in osteomyelitis patients admitted to the ICU. Through a retrospective cohort study, relevant records of severe osteomyelitis patients were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database.

Study on Calibration Tests for Interface-Type Earth Pressure Cell Based on Matching Error Analysis.

The stress status of a soil pressure cell placed in soil is very different from its stress state in a uniform fluid medium. The use of the calibration coefficient provided by the soil pressure cell manufacturer will produce a large error. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the interface-type earth pressure cell placed in soil, this paper focuses on a single-membrane resistive earth pressure cell installed on the surface of a structure, analyzing the influence of loading and unloading cycles, the thickness and particle size of the sand filling, and the depth of the earth pressure cell inserted in the structure on the calibration curve and matching error, which were analyzed through calibration tests.

Impact of database choice and confidence score on the performance of taxonomic classification using Kraken2.

Unlabelled: Accurate taxonomic classification is essential to understanding microbial diversity and function through metagenomic sequencing. However, this task is complicated by the vast variety of microbial genomes and the computational limitations of bioinformatics tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of reference database selection and confidence score (CS) settings on the performance of Kraken2, a widely used k-mer-based metagenomic classifier.

Heat dissipation analysis and multi-objective optimization of microchannel liquid cooled plate lithium battery pack.

An efficient battery pack-level thermal management system was crucial to ensuring the safe driving of electric vehicles. To address the challenges posed by insufficient heat dissipation in traditional liquid cooled plate battery packs and the associated high system energy consumption. This study proposes three distinct channel liquid cooling systems for square battery modules, and compares and analyzes their heat dissipation performance to ensure battery safety during high-rate discharge.

A Mendelian Randomization Study about Causal Associations between Tofu Consumption and Stroke as well as Related Subtypes.

Objective: Consuming soy in the diet is beneficial for health, and tofu possess the richest source of dietary soy. However, the specific association with stroke and related subtypes remains controversial. In this study, the genetic causal relationship among tofu and stroke as well as the subtypes was investigated by utilizing the data in a number of genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on population.

Research on a novel flexible bionic artificial anal sphincter.

Background: Artificial anal sphincter is a novel method for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Aiming at the problems of complex mechanical structure, high mechanical failure rate, large volume and poor biocompatibility of existing artificial anal sphincters, this article proposes a novel flexible artificial anal sphincter with bionic structure.

Methods: A novel flexible artificial anal sphincter was proposed with bionic structure by analogy with the puborectalis, flexible transmission by flexible tendons, good biocompatibility by using thermoplastic urethane and medical silicone, small size and lightweight.

Polar solvent vapor annealing enhanced optoelectronic properties of solution-processed exciplex organic light-emitting diodes.

Exciplex organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely utilized for their high internal quantum efficiency. Although solution-processed devices offer the advantages of simple operation and low cost, few studies have reported on the preparation of exciplex OLED devices using solution methods. This paper presents exciplex OLEDs produced between m-MTDATA and Bphen, fabricated using a solution method and optimized by a polar solvent vapor annealing (PSVA) treatment.

Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected).

Inhibition of Glutamate-to-Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells display remarkable adaptability, orchestrating metabolic changes that confer growth advantages, pro-tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance. One such metabolic change occurs in glutamine metabolism. Colorectal tumors with high glutaminase (GLS) expression exhibited reduced T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, leading to poor clinical outcomes.

Anaerobic digestion and biochar/hydrochar enhancement of antibiotic-containing wastewater: Current situation, mechanism and future prospects.

The increasing consumption of antibiotics by humans and animals and their inappropriate disposal have increased antibiotic load in municipal and pharmaceutical industry waste, resulting in severe public health risks worldwide. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the main force of antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment, and the adaptability of biochar/hydrochar (BC/HC) makes it an attractive addition to AD systems, which aim to promote methane production efficiency. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better understand the multifaceted function of BC/HC and its role in antibiotic-containing wastewater AD.

Identification of GABAergic subpopulations in the lateral hypothalamus for home-driven behaviors in mice.

Home information profoundly influences behavioral states in both humans and animals. However, how "home" is represented in the brain and its role in driving diverse related behaviors remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that home bedding contains sufficient home information to modulate affective behaviors, including aversion responses, defensive aggression, and mating behaviors.

Dynamic chromatin accessibility and transcriptome changes following PDGF-BB treatment of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are under investigation for use in clinical trials because they are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into different cell types under defined conditions. Nonetheless, the therapeutic effects of MSCs have been constrained by low engraftment rates, cell fusion, and cell survival. Various strategies have been explored to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB emerging as a promising candidate.

MPRAVarDB: an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants.

Summary: Massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) is an important technology for evaluating the impact of genetic variants on gene regulation. Here, we present MPRAVarDB, an online database and web server for exploring regulatory effects of genetic variants. MPRAVarDB harbors 18 MPRA experiments designed to assess the regulatory effects of genetic variants associated with GWAS loci, eQTLs, and genomic features, totaling 242 818 variants tested more than 30 cell lines and 30 human diseases or traits.

Experimental evaluation of an artificial anal sphincter based on biomechanical compatibility.

Background: The artificial anal sphincter is a device used to treat patients with fecal incontinence who are unable to control their bowel movements on their own. Long-term morphological changes in the tissue surrounding the artificial anal sphincter can cause biomechanical compatibility problems, which seriously affect the clinical application of the artificial anal sphincter.

Methods: In this paper, the superelasticity of shape memory alloys was utilized to design and fabricate a biomechanically compatible constant force clamping artificial anal sphincter.

Acetylation of PGK1 at lysine 323 promotes glycolysis, cell proliferation, and metastasis in luminal A breast cancer cells.

Background: In prior research employing iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) technology, we identified a range of proteins in breast cancer tissues exhibiting high levels of acetylation. Despite this advancement, the specific functions and implications of these acetylated proteins in the context of cancer biology have yet to be elucidated. This study aims to systematically investigate the functional roles of these acetylated proteins with the objective of identifying potential therapeutic targets within breast cancer pathophysiology.

Integrated Single-Cell Multiomic Profiling of Caudate Nucleus Suggests Key Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) induces complex transcriptional and regulatory changes across multiple brain regions including the caudate nucleus, which remains understudied. Using paired single-nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq on caudate samples from 143 human postmortem brains, including 74 with AUD, we identified 17 distinct cell types. We found that a significant portion of the alcohol-induced changes in gene expression occurred through altered chromatin accessibility.

Convergence analysis of sparse TSK fuzzy systems based on spectral Dai-Yuan conjugate gradient and application to high-dimensional feature selection.

Dealing with high-dimensional problems has always been a key and challenging issue in the field of fuzzy systems. Traditional Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems face the challenges of the curse of dimensionality and computational complexity when applied to high-dimensional data. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach for optimizing TSK fuzzy systems by integrating the spectral Dai-Yuan conjugate gradient (SDYCG) algorithm and the smoothing group L regularization technique.

Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic map of breast tissues of women of diverse genetic ancestry.

Single-nucleus analysis allows robust cell-type classification and helps to establish relationships between chromatin accessibility and cell-type-specific gene expression. Here, using samples from 92 women of several genetic ancestries, we developed a comprehensive chromatin accessibility and gene expression atlas of the breast tissue. Integrated analysis revealed ten distinct cell types, including three major epithelial subtypes (luminal hormone sensing, luminal adaptive secretory precursor (LASP) and basal-myoepithelial), two endothelial and adipocyte subtypes, fibroblasts, T cells, and macrophages.