Clinical Application of PARP1 Inhibitors and Challenges in Cancer Therapy.

Among the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) family in mammals, PARP1 is the first identified and well-studied member that plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and has been proven to be an effective target for cancer therapy. Here, we have reviewed not only the role of PARP1 in different DNA damage repair pathways, but also the working mechanisms of several PARP inhibitors (PARPi), inhibiting Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) processing and PAR chains production to trap PARP1 on impaired DNA and inducing Transcription- replication Conflicts (TRCs) by inhibiting the PARP1 activity. This review has systematically summarized the latest clinical application of six authorized PARPi, including olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib, fuzuloparib and pamiparib, in monotherapy and combination therapies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, in different kinds of cancer.

A novel system for predicting liver histopathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

There is currently a lack of reliable, reproducible, and easily applied methods for assessing changes in liver histology in patients in the gray zone phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel predictive scoring system to detect significant liver histological changes in these patients.A total of 388 patients in the gray zone phase of CHB who underwent liver biopsy were divided into a training group and a validation group, and their clinical and routinely available laboratory parameters were analyzed using univariate analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and logistic modeling.

Efficacy and safety of Sancai powder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Sancai powder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with single oral metformin in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: A total of 132 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study, who only took metformin (500-1000 mg/day) for at least three months and with inadequate glycemic control (7.0% ≤ hemoglobin A1c ≤ 9.