Overproduction of Cucurbitadienol through Modular Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Optimization in .

Cucurbitadienol is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cucurbitane-type compounds and serves as a precursor for mogrosides, cucurbitacins, and other valuable natural products of potential biological and food importance. However, microbial fermentation for cucurbitadienol production remains inefficient, limiting its potential for further industrial application. This study achieved the efficient synthesis of cucurbitadienol through a multimodular strategy.

Reengineering the Substrate Tunnel to Enhance the Catalytic Efficiency of Squalene Epoxidase.

Squalene epoxidase plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, its derivatives, and other triterpenoid compounds by catalyzing the transformation of squalene into 2,3-oxidosqualene. However, its low catalytic efficiency remains a primary bottleneck for the microbial synthesis of triterpenoids. In this study, the catalytic activity of the squalene epoxidase from was significantly improved by reshaping its substrate tunnel, resulting in a marked increase in the yield of the final product, ergosterol.

Combining Metabolic Engineering and Lipid Droplet Assembly to Achieve Campesterol Overproduction in .

Campesterol is a kind of important functional food additive. Therefore, stable and efficient campesterol biosynthesis is significant. Herein, we first knocked out the sterol 22-desaturase gene in and expressed sterol Δ7-reductase from , obtaining a strain that produced 6.

Safety and effectiveness of metformin plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle intervention alone in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Impaired glucose regulation (defined as either impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) is an important risk factor for the development of diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of metformin plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle intervention alone in preventing diabetes in Chinese participants with impaired glucose regulation.

Methods: We did a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 43 endocrinology departments in general hospitals across China.

Regulation of Ethanol Assimilation for Efficient Accumulation of Squalene in .

Squalene is a triterpene that can be obtained from fish and plant oils. It is important in cosmetics and vaccines and is a precursor for many high-value terpenes and steroids. In order to increase squalene accumulation, the mevalonate pathway was systematically enhanced.

Comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between herbal decoction and Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine in treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment and prevention of epidemics in China. Western medicine improves clinical symptoms as well as bringing many adverse reactions.

The complexity analysis of cerebral oxygen saturation during pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The human brain is a highly complex and nonlinear system, nonlinear complexity measures such as approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) can better reveal characteristics of brain dynamics. However, no studies report complexity of perioperative physiological signals to reveal how brain complexity associates with age, varies along with the development of surgery and postoperative neurological complications.

Aim: This study examined the complexity of intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO), aiming to reveal brain dynamics during surgery.

Efficacy of Xuebijing Combined with Ulinastatin in the Treatment of Traumatic Sepsis and Effects on Inflammatory Factors and Immune Function in Patients.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of xuebijing combined with ulinastatin in the treatment of traumatic sepsis and analyze the effects on inflammatory factors and immune function of patients.

Methods: 182 patients with traumatic sepsis were selected from June 2017 to September 2021 in our hospital. The patients were divided into the control group and the observation group.

Rational construction of a triphenylphosphine-modified tetra-nuclear Cu(I) coordinated cluster for enhanced chemodynamic therapy.

A triphenylphosphine-modified tetra-nuclear Cu(I) coordinated cluster was constructed for enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) by increasing the number of metal centers. Once inside human bladder cancer (T24) cells, a larger amount of copper accumulated compared with the mono-nuclear Cu(I) complex; the additional copper could generate more •OH and then induce more obvious apoptosis a Fenton-like reaction, thus further increasing the tumor inhibition effect and ultimately improving the CDT efficiency.

CD127 imprints functional heterogeneity to diversify monocyte responses in inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory monocytes are key mediators of acute and chronic inflammation; yet, their functional diversity remains obscure. Single-cell transcriptome analyses of human inflammatory monocytes from COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis patients revealed a subset of cells positive for CD127, an IL-7 receptor subunit, and such positivity rendered otherwise inert monocytes responsive to IL-7. Active IL-7 signaling engaged epigenetically coupled, STAT5-coordinated transcriptional programs to restrain inflammatory gene expression, resulting in inverse correlation between CD127 expression and inflammatory phenotypes in a seemingly homogeneous monocyte population.

Hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded hydrogel-nanogel composite on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

At present, how to increase insulin rapidly, availably and stably is still a conundrum in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. studies have shown that insulin can be released from hydrogel-nanogel composite according to the changes of glucose level. This study aimed to observe the glucose-lowering effects and evaluate the safety of the insulin-loaded hydrogel-nanogel composite in diabetic rats.

Effect of Baseline Characteristics on Hypoglycaemia Risk with Insulin Glargine 100 U/mL: Post Hoc Analysis of the BEYOND 7 Study.

Introduction: BEYOND 7 demonstrated that a higher starting dose (0.3 U/kg) of insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) is as safe as the standard starting dose (0.2 U/kg) in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes who had uncontrolled hyperglycaemia despite receiving oral antihyperglycaemic drugs.

Blood Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (D-D), and fibrinogen (FIB) in different types of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A total of 61 patients with diabetes, who were treated in our department between November 2017 and May 2019, were selected. According to their non-mydriatic fundus photography and fundus angiography results, patients were divided into three groups, ie, the non-DR (NDR) group (n=23), the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group (n=17), and the proliferative DR (PDR) group (n=21).

The perioperative application of continuous cerebral autoregulation monitoring for cerebral protection in elderly patients.

Background: The majority of surgical patients aged 65 years and over are accompanied with underlying conditions, making them susceptible to perioperative cerebral complications. Here, we investigated the clinical value of continuous cerebral autoregulation (CA) monitoring in protecting against cerebral dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This study enrolled 40 elderly patients (aged ≥65 years) and 40 middle-aged patients (aged 45 to 64 years) selected to undergo robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

CD127 imprints functional heterogeneity to diversify monocyte responses in human inflammatory diseases.

Studies on human monocytes historically focused on characterization of bulk responses, whereas functional heterogeneity is largely unknown. Here, we identified an inducible population of CD127-expressing human monocytes under inflammatory conditions and named the subset M127. M127 is nearly absent in healthy individuals yet abundantly present in patients with infectious and inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis.

Corrigendum to "Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning Alleviates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Senescent Myocardial Cells by Regulating lncRNA H19 and m6A Modification".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/9250512.].

Synthesis, structural characterization and antitumor activity of six rare earth metal complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives.

The rare earth metal Gd(III), Yb(III), Lu(III), Eu(III), Tb(III) and Ho(III) complexes 1-6 with 2-((2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (H-L) as ligands were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that the cytotoxicity of 1 was equivalent to cisplatin and higher than that of H-L and other complexes towards T24 tumor cells. The mechanism study indicated that 1 caused significant up-regulation of the proteins p27, p21 and p53 in T24 cells and cell cycle arrest in G2 phase.

The changing features of serum adropin, copeptin, neprilysin and chitotriosidase which are associated with vascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients.

Aims: Adropin (AD), copeptin (CP), neprilysin (NEP) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) have been associated with the regulation of vascular endothelial function. In this work, we analyzed the plasma concentrations of cytokines (AD, CP, NEP and CHIT1) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without retinopathy (DR) to predict the risk of DR for diabetic patients.

Method: A total of 392 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 120 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in this study.

Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Contributes to Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain via Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway in Rats.

Purpose: Some patients undergoing thoracotomy may suffer from chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Treatment of CPTP has been a clinical challenge and the underlying mechanisms of CPTP remain elusive. Recently, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been shown to be associated with various pain states but its role in the pathogenesis of CPTP is still unclear.

Pentraxin-3 and adropin as inflammatory markers of early renal damage in type 2 diabetes patients.

Purpose: Renal inflammatory response is involved in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We sought to evaluate pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and adropin variability as inflammatory markers among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different urinary albumin, and to examine if these factors assist in the early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.

Methods: We enrolled 447 T2DM patients and 100 healthy non-diabetic control subjects in this study.

Left maxillary sinus tumour-induced hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and combined with thyroid papillary carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare disease characterised by hypophosphataemia and clinical symptoms of osteomalacia. Herein we report the case of a 29-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with progressive bone pain and was diagnosed with TIO caused by maxillary sinus tumours. In the preoperative evaluation, it was found that the patient had thyroid malignant tumours at the same time.

Neuropilin1 silencing impairs the proliferation and migration of cells in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Neuropilin1 (NRP1) participates in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis as a multifunctional co-receptor by interacting with multiple signal pathways, but few studies have addressed the precise function of NRP1 in pancreatic cancer (PACA) cells. We aimed to study whether NRP1 gene silencing involved in the proliferation and migration of PACA cells in vitro.

Methods: A lentiviral vector expressing NRP1 shRNA was constructed and transfected into human PACA cells (CFPAC-1 and PANC-1).

Altered features of neurotransmitters: NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the features of neuropeptide Y (NPY), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension.

Methods: Patients with T2DM (n = 384) and healthy volunteers (n = 80) were enrolled into this study. Serum NPY, α-MSH, and AgRP levels were detected using ELISA.

Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of copper(II) complexes with 5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline derivatives.

Seven Cu(II) complexes with 5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline derivatives as ligands: [Cu(L)Cl] (1), [Cu(L)Cl] (2), [Cu(L)(NO)] (3), [Cu(L)(NO)] (4), [Cu(L)Cl] (5), [Cu(L)Br] (6) and [Cu(L)(NO)] (7){L=9-nitro-5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline, L=4-nitro-5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline, L=9-bromo-5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline}, were synthesized and characterized. Their in vitro anticancer activities against T-24, MGC-80-3, HeLa, Hep-G2, A549 and SK-OV-3 were evaluated. Compared with their corresponding ligands, most of these complexes exhibited enhanced anticancer activities in contrast to their corresponding ligands and copper salt.

Efficacy of metformin in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: Protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled clinical study.

Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of metformin in delaying or preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation (IGR).

Materials And Methods: This multicentre, randomized, open-label, controlled study (NCT03441750) will assess the efficacy of metformin in preventing diabetes over ≥2 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to lifestyle intervention (LSI) or metformin plus LSI, with stratification based on blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use and isolated/non-isolated impaired fasting glucose.