Senaparib as first-line maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy have improved progression-free survival in women with advanced ovarian cancer; however, not all PARP inhibitors can provide benefit for a biomarker-unselected population. Senaparib is a PARP inhibitor that demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, in phase 1 studies. The multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 trial FLAMES randomized (2:1) 404 females with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III-IV) and response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy to senaparib 100 mg (n = 271) or placebo (n = 133) orally once daily for up to 2 years.

Oteseconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of severe vulvovaginal candidiasis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 trial.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common condition among women. Fluconazole remains the dominant treatment option for VVC. Oteseconazole is a highly selective inhibitor of fungal CYP51.

Association between gut microbiota and endometriosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have shown that an imbalance in gut microbiota (GM) may not always be associated with endometriosis (EMS). To investigate this further, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Methods: MR analysis was performed on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of GM and EMS.

Eliciting effective tumor immunity against ovarian cancer by cancer stem cell vaccination.

Advanced ovarian cancer (OC) patients have limited benefit from current relevant cytotoxic and targeted therapies following debulking surgery. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are in urgent need. Immunotherapy has shown great potential in tumor treatment, especially in tumor vaccine development.

Assessment of Two Formulations of Triptorelin in Chinese Patients with Endometriosis: A Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This phase 3, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multicenter study investigated the efficacy of triptorelin pamoate prolonged-release (PR) 3-month in Chinese patients with endometriosis by demonstrating the noninferiority of the 3-month formulation to the standard of care, triptorelin acetate PR 1-month.

Methods: The trial was conducted in 24 clinical centers in China, and included 300 Chinese women (18-45 years) with endometriosis and regular menstrual cycles who required treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for 6 months. One group of patients (n = 150) was treated with triptorelin pamoate PR 3-month (15 mg per injection, once every 12 weeks), and the other (n = 150) with triptorelin acetate PR 1-month (3.

Tumor cell-released LC3-positive EVs promote lung metastasis of breast cancer through enhancing premetastatic niche formation.

Most breast cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis in vital organs including the lungs. Development of supportive metastatic microenvironments, referred to as premetastatic niches (PMNs), in certain distant organs before arrival of metastatic cells, is critical in metastasis. However, the mechanisms of PMN formation are not fully clear.

IL-6 secretion of CD4 T cells stimulated by LC3-positive extracellular vesicles in human epithelial ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) as the most fatal gynecological malignancy worldwide, with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) being the predominant and most lethal form, poses a serious threat to human health. LC3-positive extracellular vesicles (LC3 EVs) promote tumorigenesis by educating CD4 T cells in a murine melanoma model. However, regulation of LC3 EVs in human EOC remains largely unknown.

Chinese expert consensus on the clinical applications of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in female lower genital tract diseases (2022).

Introduction: With the younger onset age of female lower genital tract diseases, there are increasing demands for protecting organ and tissue structures to preserve fertility and, therefore, effective fertility-sparing treatments that cause minimal normal tissue damage and less adverse reactions are urgently needed.

Objective: This study is aimed at reviewing information and achieving consensus on recommendations on the clinical applications of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in female lower genital tract diseases.

Methods: Members of the expert panel held online and in-person meetings to discuss and revise drafts created by the steering committee based on the literature review and the clinical experiences of the expert panel.

CSF-1-induced DC-SIGN macrophages are present in the ovarian endometriosis.

Background: Researchers have found that macrophages are the predominant cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) of endometriosis patients. CSF-1 has been found to accumulate in the lesions and PF of endometriosis patients, and CSF-1 induces THP-1-derived macrophages to polarize toward a CD169 DC-SIGN phenotype. Does the cytokine CSF-1 induce monocytes to differentiate into macrophages with a DC-SIGN phenotype in endometriosis?

Methods: The level of CSF-1 in the endometrium of control subjects, and the eutopic, and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis patients was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the PF of control and endometriosis patients.

Secondary cytoreduction followed by chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (SOC-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: The benefits of secondary cytoreduction for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer are still widely debated. We aimed to assess the efficacy of secondary cytoreduction plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in this patient population.

Methods: This multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial (SOC-1), was done in four primarily academic centres in China (two in Shanghai, one in Hangzhou, and one in Guangzhou).

Survival benefits of dose-dense early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in front-line therapy for advanced ovarian cancer: a randomised controlled study.

Dose-dense early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (DD-EPIC) significantly increased non-progression rate in advanced ovarian cancer (OC) patients. We report final overall survival (OS) results to further strengthen the efficacy of DD-EPIC in the front-line therapy. In this phase 2 trial, 218 patients with FIGO IIIC-IV OC were randomly allocated to receive DD-EPIC followed by intravenous (IV) chemotherapy (DD-EPIC group), or IV chemotherapy alone (IV group).

Tumor-released autophagosomes induces CD4 T cell-mediated immunosuppression via a TLR2-IL-6 cascade.

Background: CD4 T cells are critical effectors of anti-tumor immunity, but how tumor cells influence CD4 T cell effector function is not fully understood. Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) are being recognized as critical modulators of host anti-tumor immunity during tumor progression. Here, we explored the mechanistic aspects of TRAPs in the modulation of CD4 T cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells with High ROR1 Expression Serve as a New Prophylactic Vaccine for Ovarian Cancer.

Tumor vaccines offer a number of advantages for cancer treatment. In the study, the vaccination with cancer stem cells (CSCs) with high expression of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR1) was evaluated in a murine model for the vaccine's immunogenicity and protective efficacy against epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). CD117CD44 CSCs were isolated from human EOC HO8910 cell line using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system; murine ID8 EOC suspension sphere cells, which are collectively known as cancer stem-like cells, were acquired from serum-free suspension sphere-forming culture.

Porous scaffolds from droplet microfluidics for prevention of intrauterine adhesion.

Severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) have a great negative impact on women's psychological and reproductive health. It remains a significant challenge to prevent postoperative IUAs because of the complications of various clinical preventive measures and incompatibility of uterine cavity morphology. Herein, we present a new drug-loadedporous scaffold based on a microfluidic droplet template, which combines the characteristics of the artificial biocompatible material GelMA and the natural polysaccharide material Na-alginate.

Cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to examine whether the MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) are associated with cervical cancer risk.

Methods: Eligible case-control studies were identified dated until July 2017. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the strength of the association between the two variants and cervical cancer risk.

Active targeting co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for antitumor therapy in ovarian cancer stem-like cells.

The combination of nanocarriers and chemotherapy drugs can release the chemotherapy drugs to the tumor tissue, which can enhance the antitumor effect and reduce the adverse reactions at the same time. In this study, a co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) was developed and characterized. We also investigated the in vitro effect of this system on CD117+CD44+A2780 cell line.

Octreotide reverses the resistance of A2780/Pacliaxel ovarian cancer cell line to paclitaxel chemotherapy in vitro.

Objective: To study the anti-tumor effects of octreotide on A2780/Taxol ovarian cancer cells in vitro, and further explore its potential molecular mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine the expression of SSTR2 on A2780/Taxol cells. Octreotide at different concentrations (0, 1.

PSCA rs2294008 polymorphism contributes to the decreased risk for cervical cancer in a Chinese population.

Recently, three genome-wide association studies have identified the PSCA (prostate stem cell antigen) rs2294008 polymorphism (C > T) associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer, bladder cancer, and duodenal ulcers, highlighting its critical role in disease pathogenesis. Given PSCA is reported to be overexpressed in cervical cancer and the rs2294008 can influence PSCA transcription, we aimed to determine the role of rs2294008 in susceptibility to cervical cancer. The genotyping was performed in the 1126 cases and 1237 controls.

A photonic crystal hydrogel suspension array for the capture of blood cells from whole blood.

Diagnosing hematological disorders based on the separation and detection of cells in the patient's blood is a significant challenge. We have developed a novel barcode particle-based suspension array that can simultaneously capture and detect multiple types of blood cells. The barcode particles are polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel inverse opal microcarriers with characteristic reflection peak codes that remain stable during cell capture on their surfaces.

Effect of targeted ovarian cancer immunotherapy using ovarian cancer stem cell vaccine.

Background: Accumulating evidence has shown that different immunotherapies for ovarian cancer might overcome barriers to resistance to standard chemotherapy. The vaccine immunotherapy may be a useful one addition to conditional chemotherapy regimens. The present study investigated the use of vaccine of ovarian cancer stem cells (CSCs) to inhibit ovarian cancer growth.

[DNA demethylation at the promoter region enhances the expression of MMP-9 in ectopic endometrial stromal cells of endometriosis].

Objective: To investigate the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene expression in endometriosis.

Methods: MMP-9 gene methylation status in eutopic and ectopic endometria were analyzed by methylation specific PCR. The expression of MMP-9 protein in eutopic and ectopic endometria were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) and endometriosis risk: a meta-analysis.

Published data on the association between the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) gene polymorphisms and endometriosis risk are inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and endometriosis risk. A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and endometriosis risk.

Expressions of fatty acid synthase and HER2 are correlated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.

The present study was designed to explore the cross talk between fatty acid synthase (FASN) and HER2 (ErbB2) in ovarian cancer. A total of 60 ovarian cancer patients and 15 normal ovarian tissues were enrolled. Tissue array was conducted by using a tissue microarray instrument.

Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway enhances the sensitivity of the SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cell line to cisplatin in vitro.

The activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a key role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism that PI-103, a dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and mTOR, enhances the sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cell line to cisplatin chemotherapy. The results showed that PI-103 could significantly increase the sensitivity of SKVO3/DDP cells to cisplatin through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.