Two new species of (Annonaceae) based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence, with a supplementary description of from China.

Two new species of (Annonaceae), Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang from Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces and Y.

The first complete chloroplast genome of (Pteridaceae), a rare and endangered fern species.

The complete chloroplast genome of a rare and endangered fern species was sequenced. The genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a length of 149,956 bp and 42.8% GC content.

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape.

Despite the commercial importance of the Concord grape, its origin has remained unresolved for over 150 years without a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. In this study we aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Concord grape using sequence data from four nuclear markers (, , , and ), six plastid markers (, , , , , and ), and the plastid genome. We sampled extensively the species native to northeastern North America as well as representative species from Europe and Asia, including the commercially important (wine grape), a native European species with hermaphroditic flowers, and its wild progenitor, .

Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analysis of Sequences Evolution among Seven (Aristolochiaceae) Medicinal Species.

Aristolochiaceae, comprising about 600 species, is a unique plant family containing aristolochic acids (AAs). In this study, we sequenced seven species of , and retrieved eleven chloroplast (cp) genomes published for comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic constructions. The results show that the cp genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangement and moderate divergence.

Morphological study of floral nectaries in and the probable origin of the echinate fruit surface.

A conspicuous nectary disk is common but has a distinguishing morphology in the cosmopolitan genus . Our study focuses on the morphology of floral nectaries in 21 representatives of and . Two main types of nectaries were documented: a mix of inter- and extrastaminal nectaries existed between the corolla and the stigma, while the intrastaminal nectaries were distributed between the stigma and the stamen bases.

Intercontinental and intracontinental biogeography of the eastern Asian - Eastern North American disjunct Panax (the ginseng genus, Araliaceae), emphasizing its diversification processes in eastern Asia.

The intercontinental biogeography between eastern Asia and eastern North America has attracted much attention from evolutionary biologists. Further insights into understanding the evolution of the intercontinental disjunctions have been hampered by the lack of studies on the intracontinental biogeography in eastern Asia, a region with complex geology, geography, climates and habitats. Herein we studied the biogeographic history of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct genus Panax with special emphasis on the investigation of its uneven diversification in Asia.

Multiple Events of Allopolyploidy in the Evolution of the Racemose Lineages in Prunus (Rosaceae) Based on Integrated Evidence from Nuclear and Plastid Data.

Prunus is an economically important genus well-known for cherries, plums, almonds, and peaches. The genus can be divided into three major groups based on inflorescence structure and ploidy levels: (1) the diploid solitary-flower group (subg. Prunus, Amygdalus and Emplectocladus); (2) the diploid corymbose group (subg.

ycf1, the most promising plastid DNA barcode of land plants.

A DNA barcode is a DNA fragment used to identify species. For land plants, DNA fragments of plastid genome could be the primary consideration. Unfortunately, most of the plastid candidate barcodes lack species-level resolution.

A chloroplast genomic strategy for designing taxon specific DNA mini-barcodes: a case study on ginsengs.

Background: Universal conventional DNA barcodes will become more and more popular in biological material identifications. However, in many cases such as processed medicines or canned food, the universal conventional barcodes are unnecessary and/or inapplicable due to DNA degradation. DNA mini-barcode is a solution for such specific purposes.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae), a Chinese traditional herb.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed for a Chinese traditional herb, Panax notoginseng, to investigate its genetic diversity and cultivar breeding.

Methods And Results: Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the microsatellite-enriched genomic library of P. notoginseng.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae), a Chinese traditional herb.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed for a Chinese traditional herb, Panax notoginseng, to investigate its genetic diversity and cultivar breeding.

Methods And Results: Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the microsatellite-enriched genomic library of Panax notoginseng. The polymorphisms were assessed in two populations and an assemblage containing individuals from the entire distribution area.

DNA barcoding of Panax species.

Ginsengs (Panax, Araliaceae) are among the plants best known for their medicinal properties. Many ginseng species are endangered due to over-exploitation of natural resources - a situation difficult to remedy while there are no reliable, practical methods for species identification. We screened eleven candidate DNA barcoding loci to establish an accurate and effective Panax species identification system, both for commercial and conservation purposes.

[Genetic relationships among Fructus Aurantii cultivars revealed by ISSR].

Objective: A total of 27 samples belonging to 5 cultivars of Fructus Aurantii (Citrus aurantium), i. e. cv.