Effects of healthy low-carbohydrate diet and time-restricted eating on weight and gut microbiome in adults with overweight or obesity: Feeding RCT.

The effect of a healthy low-carbohydrate diet (HLCD) and time-restricted eating (TRE), alone or in combination, on body weight and gut microbiome beyond caloric restriction remains unclear. In this 12-week two-by-two factorial randomized trial with a 28-week follow-up among 96 participants with overweight or obesity, isocaloric-restricted feeding yields significant weight loss, ranging from 2.57 to 4.

Vitamin D and heart failure risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes: observational and Mendelian randomization studies.

Background: Evidence is limited and inconsistent regarding vitamin D and heart failure (HF) risk in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), among whom vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is common.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with HF risk among individuals with T2D, in observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) frameworks.

Methods: Observational analyses were performed among 15,226 T2D participants aged 40-72 y from the UK Biobank.

Associations of Lower-Carbohydrate and Lower-Fat Diets with Mortality among People with Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Although low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets have been shown to have short-term metabolic benefits, the associations of these dietary patterns, particularly different food sources and macronutrient quality, with mortality in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

Objectives: To examine the associations of different types of lower-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and lower-fat diets (LFDs) with mortality in individuals with CVD.

Methods: This study included 3971 adults with CVD from the NHANES 1999-2014.

Combined exposure to multiple air pollutants and incident ischemic heart disease in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Background: Air pollution and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Little is known about the combined effects of multiple air pollutants on IHD risk, especially among individuals with T2D. We sought to assess the association of combined exposure to multiple air pollutants with incident IHD and examine the modification effect of T2D.

Associations of Nut Consumption with All-Cause Mortality among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Nuts are energy-dense, high-fat foods, and whether nut consumption influences mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations of nut consumption with all-cause mortality among adults with T2D and to further explore the potential mediation effects of cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Methods: The current analysis included 5090 US participants with T2D from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014).

Associations of Glucose Metabolism Status with Brain Macrostructure and Microstructure: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Context: Evidence linking glucose metabolism status with brain macro- and microstructure is limited and inconsistent.

Objective: We aim to investigate the associations of glucose metabolism status with brain macrostructure and microstructure, including brain volumes, subcortical gray matter volumes, and white matter microstructural metrics.

Methods: This study enrolled 29 251 participants from the UK Biobank.

Association of healthy sleep pattern with risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease.

Aims: To examine the association of a healthy sleep pattern with the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods And Results: This prospective cohort study included 21 193 individuals with CHD from the UK Biobank. A healthy sleep score was generated based on a combination of chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Associations of Serum 25(OH)D With Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease.

Context: Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in people with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with the risk of recurrent CV events in individuals with established CHD.

Methods: A total of 22 571 participants with CHD were included from the UK Biobank.

Associations of serum vitamin C concentrations with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: Compared with people without diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at higher risk of both subnormal vitamin C status and increased oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the associations of serum vitamin C concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with and without T2D.

Methods: The current analysis included 20,045 adults (2691 people with T2D and 17,354 without T2D) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 2003-2006.

Complete Genome Insights into CF11 Isolated from a Healthy Human Gut Using Second- and Third-Generation Sequencing.

CF11 was originally isolated from the gut of healthy humans. To determine the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms of the probiotic potential of CF11, we performed complete genome sequencing, annotation, and comparative genome analysis. The complete genome of .