Guardians Looking From Outside: Gendered Experiences of Labor Migration and Psychosocial Health Among Nepalese Migrant Fathers and Left-Behind Mothers.

Nepalese migrant workers are at heightened risk of adverse mental health problems. However, the social mechanisms by which experiences of labor migration create such vulnerabilities are not well understood. Moreover, limited attention has been paid to the experiences of left-behind spouses.

Associations of a plant-centered diet and lung function across early to mid-adulthood: The CARDIA Lung Study.

Background: Lung function throughout adulthood predicts morbidity and mortality even among adults without chronic respiratory disease. Diet quality may represent a modifiable risk factor for lung function impairment later in life. We investigated associations between nutritionally-rich plant-centered diet and lung function across early and middle adulthood from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Longitudinal changes in diet quality and food intake before and after diabetes awareness in American adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Introduction: Limited longitudinal research is available examining how American adults make dietary changes after learning they have diabetes. We examined the associations between diabetes awareness and changes in dietary quality and food intake in a prospective cohort from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Research Design And Methods: A nested case-control design was used.

Longitudinal clustering of Life's Essential 8 health metrics: application of a novel unsupervised learning method in the CARDIA study.

Objective: Changes in cardiovascular health (CVH) during the life course are associated with future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Longitudinal clustering analysis using subgraph augmented non-negative matrix factorization (SANMF) could create phenotypic risk profiles of clustered CVH metrics.

Materials And Methods: Life's Essential 8 (LE8) variables, demographics, and CVD events were queried over 15 ears in 5060 CARDIA participants with 18 years of subsequent follow-up.

Racial Differences and Contributory Cardiovascular and Non-Cardiovascular Risk Factors Towards Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.

Background: The prevalence of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is higher in Black than in White Americans. We evaluated CKD progression in Black and White participants and the contribution of biological risk factors. We included the study of lung function (measured by forced vital capacity [FVC]), which is part of the emerging notion of interorgan cross-talk with the kidneys to racial differences in CKD progression.

Regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables has greater effects on the gut metabolome compared with the microbiome.

The industrialisation of Western food systems has reduced the regular consumption of lacto-fermented vegetables (LFV). Consuming LFV may exert health benefits through the alteration of the gut microbiome, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To start understanding the possible benefits of LFV, we compared faecal microbial diversity and composition, as well as dietary habits between individuals who regularly consume LFV ( = 23) and those who do not ( = 24).

Trauma and mental health among North Korean refugees living in South Korea: The role of acculturative stress.

The psychological impact of indirect trauma is unknown among North Korean (NK) refugees. We aimed to investigate the effects of direct and indirect trauma on the mental health of NK refugees in South Korea and evaluate the potential moderating effect of acculturative stress in this association. Using respondent-driven sampling, we recruited 323 NK refugees for this retrospective study.

Nontraditional Risk Factors for Progression Through Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Categories: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.

Background: There may be nontraditional pathways of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression that are complementary to classical pathways. Therefore, we aimed to examine nontraditional risk factors for incident CKD and its progression.

Methods: We used the generally healthy population (n = 4382) starting at age 27-41 years in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort, which is an observational longitudinal study.

Association of Cardiovascular Health Score With Early- and Later-Onset Diabetes and With Subsequent Vascular Complications of Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Little attention has been paid to how well the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health (CVH) score predicts early-onset diabetes in young adults. We investigated the association of CVH score with early- and later-onset diabetes and with subsequent complications of diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Our sample included 4547 Black and White adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study without diabetes at baseline (1985-1986; aged 18-30 years) with complete data on the CVH score at baseline, including smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose.

Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Categories and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Total Mortality: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort.

Background Previous studies of worsening chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on declining estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or increasing urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) are limited to later middle-age and older adults. We examined associations of CKD progression and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in younger adults. Methods and Results We studied 4382 adults in CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) initially aged 27 to 41 years and prospectively over 20 years.

A Guide to Dietary Pattern-Microbiome Data Integration.

The human gut microbiome is linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary modulation of the human gut microbiome offers an attractive pathway to manipulate the microbiome to prevent microbiome-related disease. However, this promise has not been realized.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort.

It is unclear whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alters breast milk composition. We prospectively examined associations of GDM status with concentrations of six potentially bioactive elements (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin) in human milk. These were measured at both 1 and 3 months postpartum in 189 fully breastfeeding women.

Simple Nutrient-Based Rules vs. a Nutritionally Rich Plant-Centered Diet in Prediction of Future Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: Prospective Observational Study in the US.

To better understand nutrition paradigm shift from nutrients to foods and dietary patterns, we compared associations of a nutrient-based blood cholesterol-lowering diet vs. a food-based plant-centered diet with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Participants were 4701 adults aged 18-30 years and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, followed for clinical events from 1985 and 86 to 2018.

Characteristics associated with early- vs. later-onset adult diabetes: The CARDIA study.

Aims: Differences in risk profiles for individuals with early- (<40 years old) vs. later-onset (≥40 years old) diabetes were examined.

Methods: A nested case-comparison study design using 30-year longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used.

Plant-Centered Diet and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease During Young to Middle Adulthood.

Background The association between diets that focus on plant foods and restrict animal products and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is inconclusive. We investigated whether cumulative intake of a plant-centered diet and shifting toward such a diet are associated with incident CVD. Methods and Results Participants were 4946 adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) prospective study.

A Plant-Centered Diet and Markers of Early Chronic Kidney Disease during Young to Middle Adulthood: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Cohort.

Background: Few studies have evaluated whether plant-centered diets prevent progression of early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives: We examined the association between plant-centered diet quality and early CKD markers.

Methods: We prospectively examined 2869 black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study free of diagnosed kidney failure in 2005-2006 [examination year 20 (Y20); mean age: 45.

Signal Enhancement of Low Magnetic Field Magnetic Resonance Image Using a Conventional- and Cyclic-Generative Adversarial Network Models With Unpaired Image Sets.

In this study, the signal enhancement ratio of low-field magnetic resonance (MR) images was investigated using a deep learning-based algorithm. Unpaired image sets (0.06 and 1.

A Shift Toward a Plant-Centered Diet From Young to Middle Adulthood and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Weight Gain: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.

Research Design And Methods: A prospective study conducted in the U.S.

Hepatitis B and C virus infection and diabetes mellitus: A cohort study.

The role of hepatitis virus infection in glucose homeostasis is uncertain. We examined the associations between hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of diabetes in a cohort (N = 439,708) of asymptomatic participants in health screening examinations. In cross-sectional analyses, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for prevalent diabetes comparing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) to HBsAg (-) participants was 1.

Sociocultural Factors Influencing Eating Practices Among Office Workers in Urban South Korea.

Objective: To understand the sociocultural factors affecting the eating behaviors of South Korean employees.

Design: In-depth individual interviews.

Setting: Two metropolitan areas of South Korea.

Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hearing loss: a cohort study.

Background: To evaluate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of incident hearing loss.

Methods: Prospective cohort study was performed in 253 301 adults with normal hearing tests who participated in a regular health-screening exam between 2002 and 2014. The main exposure was the presence of DM at baseline, defined as a fasting serum glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, a self-reported history of DM or current use of anti-diabetic medications.

Dietary sodium and potassium intake in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

A few epidemiological data are available assessing the associations of intakes of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the associations of dietary intake of Na and K with the prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. We performed a cross-sectional study of 100 177 participants (46 596 men and 53 581 women) who underwent a health screening examination and completed a FFQ at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers, South Korea, between 2011 and 2013.

Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic men and women.

Background: Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption has been linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and clinically manifest coronary heart disease, but its association with subclinical coronary heart disease remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large study of asymptomatic men and women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 22,210 adult men and women who underwent a comprehensive health screening examination between 2011 and 2013 (median age 40 years).