The mechanism of botulinum A on Raynaud syndrome.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is emerging as a treatment modality for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). However, the mechanism of the role of BoNT/A in antagonizing the constriction of arteriola in RP remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We tested the constriction of arteriole diameter and the distribution of adrenergic receptors on the rat cremaster modle.

Association between gene polymorphism and cutaneous adverse reactions caused by antiepileptic drugs.

The association between cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) caused by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and human leukocyte antigen-A () and genes in Chinese Han population in Shanghai was investigated. Through the case-control study, 30 child patients with AED-induced cADRs (cADRs group), 60 AED-tolerant child patients (AED-tolerant group) and 60 normal children not taking AEDs (normal group) were collected. The HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*31:01 genotypes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) probe method, and the correlation of and genes with the incidence of cADRs was analyzed.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and development of ischemic stroke.

We investigated the association between MMP2 rs243865, MMP3 rs3025058 and MMP9 rs3918242 polymorphisms and development of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. Between January 2012 and May 2014, a total of 317 patients with ischemic stroke and 317 health control subjects were enrolled into our study. The MMP2 rs243865, MMP3 rs3025058 and MMP9 rs3918242 polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).