Bilateral fronto-orbital advancement combined with cranial vault release using a free-floating bone flap technique for nonsyndromic unilateral coronal synostosis.

Background: The goals of operative treatment for unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) are to improve appearance and allow unrestricted brain growth. However, for severe unilateral premature closure of the coronal suture, existing methods do not address the compression of the brain or expand the volume of the skull cavity. We report our retrospective experience with bilateral fronto-orbital advancement combined with cranial vault release using a free-floating bone flap (CVR + FFBF) technique and the resulting changes in the anterior cranial vault asymmetry index (ACVAI) and intracranial volume.

Permanent Visual Impairment due to Delayed Diagnosis of Shunt Malfunction in Case of Lack of Typical Features of Increased Intracranial Pressure and Unchanged Ventricular Size.

Objective: We present the clinical features, imaging, and management of 5 cases of visual impairment as the primary manifestation ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt malfunction.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 126 patients of V-P shunt malfunction in Shanghai Children's Medical Center between 2015 and 2020. Medical records including all hospital admissions were reviewed and follow-up data were collected.

High-yield ectoine production in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum by fine metabolic regulation via plug-in repressor library.

Ectoine is a high-value protective and stabilizing agent with different applications in biopharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and fine chemicals. Here, efficient production of ectoine in Corynebacterium glutamicum was achieved by combination of metabolic engineering and plug-in repressor library strategy. First, the ectBAC cluster from Pseudomonas stutzeri was introduced into strain K02, and the titer of the obtained strain was 2.

Subthalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: clinical outcome and functional connectivity.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising novel approach for managing refractory Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS). The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the most common DBS target for treating movement disorders, and smaller case studies have reported the efficacy of bilateral STN-DBS treatment for relieving tic symptoms. However, management of GTS and treatment mechanism of STN-DBS in GTS remain to be elucidated.

Preventive Surgery for Asymptomatic Spinal Lipomas in Children.

Aim: To explore the clinical effect and significance of preventive surgery for asymptomatic spinal lipomas in children.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 168 patients with asymptomatic spinal lipoma from April 2001 to June 2019, Shanghai Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The patients were aged from 1.

Surgical Treatment of Congenital Dermal Sinus: An Experience of 56 Cases.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of early diagnosis and surgery on children with congenital dermal sinus, investigate the relationship between MRI findings and extent of surgical exploration, and summarize our clinical experience with the surgical management in cases with central nervous system (CNS) infection.

Methods: The skin features, preoperative MRI images, intraoperative findings, postoperative pathological characteristics, and prognoses of 56 children with congenital dermal sinus were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: All the children had a pinpoint ostium in the skin, and 52 out of the 56 children (92.

Pallidal stimulation as treatment for camptocormia in Parkinson's disease.

Camptocormia is a common and often debilitating postural deformity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few treatments are currently effective. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) shows potential in treating camptocormia, but evidence remains limited to case reports.

Subthalamic Stimulation for Camptocormia in Parkinson's Disease: Association of Volume of Tissue Activated and Structural Connectivity with Clinical Effectiveness.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) has been reported to be effective for camptocormia in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between clinical effectiveness and the stimulated volumes or structural connectivity remains unexplored.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of STN-DBS for treating camptocormia in PD and its association with volumes of tissue activated (VTA) and structural connectivity.

Factors That Affect Chinese Parents' Willingness to Donate Children's Biospecimens in Pediatric Research.

To examine the factors that may influence Chinese parent's willingness to donate their children's biospecimens for use in pediatric research. Parents or caregivers of the patients in the neurosurgery ward, oncological surgery ward, and internal medical wards at Shanghai Children's Medical Center were recruited during the period of March 1, 2016 to July 8, 2018. The questionnaire included the willingness to provide consent for donating their children's clinical biospecimens, their attitudes toward and motivations for donating their children's clinical biospecimens, opinions of contributing specimens, and an ethical consideration for their children's future willingness to donate biospecimens.

Prevention of infection by antibiotic-impregnated shunts after pediatric hydrocephalus treatment: A single center, retrospective study in China.

Objective: To investigate infection prevention by antibiotic-impregnated shunts (AIS) relative to conventional ones after pediatric hydrocephalus treatment.

Methods: This single center, retrospective analysis comprised 807 consecutive pediatric cases of hydrocephalus shunting performed by the same neurosurgeon between January 2001 and February 2013. Conventional and AIS catheters were used in 303 and 504 cases, respectively.

[Extensive cranioplasty for sagittal synostosis in young children by preserving multiple cranial bone flaps adhered to the dura mater: experience with 63 cases].

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effort of applying frontal and occipital bones in extensive cranioplasty and preserving multiple cranial bone flaps adhered to the dura mater in the treatment of sagittal synostosis.

Methods: From April 2008 to June 2013, sixty-three children with sagittal synostosis, aged 5 months to 3 years, were included in the study. The frontal bone flap was removed using an air drill.

Is repair of the protruded meninges sufficient for treatment of meningocele?

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between meningocele and tethered cord syndrome, diagnosis of meningocele associated with tethered cord syndrome, and when to perform surgery and the best surgical procedure.

Methods: Sixty-nine children with meningocele who were admitted to Shanghai Children's Medical Center were analyzed. The relationship between meningocele and other lesions causing tethered cord syndrome was studied by combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative findings.

Extensive cranioplasty for sagittal synostosis in young children by preserving cranial bone flaps adhered to the dura mater.

This study aimed to evaluate extensive cranioplasty involving the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal bones without removing the floating bone flaps in the treatment of sagittal synostosis. Sixty-three children with sagittal synostosis, aged 5 months to 3 years, were included in the study. The frontal bone flap was removed using an air drill.

Pathological changes and surgical treatment of lipomas of the conus medullaris.

Objective: To describe the pathological changes of lipomas of the conus medullaris and the appropriate surgical treatment for removing such lipomas for optimal reconstruction of the normal spinal cord anatomy.

Methods: Data were collected on 73 patients, aged 1.5 months to 18 years, who underwent surgical removal of a lipoma of the conus medullaris at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 2005 to December 2008.