5-Fluorouracil resistance due to sphingosine kinase 2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppressive effects.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five cancer-related causes of mortality globally. Acquired resistance has hindered the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic drug used to treat CRC. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) may be a cancer treatment target and involved in 5-FU resistance.

Quantitative Complex Refractive Index Changes in Thin Films: A Pump-Probe Spectroscopy Analysis Approach.

Photoexcitation induces intricate changes in both the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive index of thin film materials, which is essential for interpreting transient spectral features. Here, we employ a Kramers-Kronig-based analytical approach to elucidate light-induced changes in the complex refractive index from transient transmission spectra of thin films. Using gold-perovskite films as model systems, we conduct experimental measurements of transient transmission spectra for both individual gold and perovskite films, as well as for the bilayer heterostructure.

Compressible viscoelasticity of cell membranes determined by gigahertz-frequency acoustic vibrations.

Membrane viscosity is an important property of cell biology, which determines cellular function, development and disease progression. Various experimental and computational methods have been developed to investigate the mechanics of cells. However, there have been no experimental measurements of the membrane viscosity at high-frequencies in live cells.

The Improved WNOFRFs Feature Extraction Method and Its Application to Quantitative Diagnosis for Cracked Rotor Systems.

During its operation, a rotor system can be exposed to multiple faults, such as rub-impact, misalignment, cracks and unbalancing. When a crack fault occurs on the rotor shaft, the vibration response signals contain some nonlinear components that are considerably tougher to be extracted through some linear diagnosis methods. By combining the Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions weighted contribution rate (WNOFRFs) and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, a novel fault diagnosis method of improved WNOFRFs is proposed.