Construction and validation of a nomogram model to predict bronchiolitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

After the cancellation of COVID-19 epidemic control measures in 2023, cases of pediatric bronchiolitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) have been reported successively, with some children experiencing residual bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Currently, the diagnosis of bronchiolitis Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) primarily relies on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). To establish a predictive model for bronchiolitis MPP, a retrospective analysis was conducted.

Dual-mode organic photodetectors enabled by adopting dual-interface carrier traps.

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in both civil and military fields. Among them, bias-switchable dual-mode OPDs, which have recently been developed, show practical application promise for capacities to deliver amplified electric signals under weak light by working in a photomultiplication (PM) mode and to avoid high power consumption under strong light by choosing the photovoltaic (PV) mode. However, further development is needed in the device preparation methodology.

Respiratory pathogen analysis in pediatric inpatients unraveled the infection pattern of post the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: To counteract the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented globally, exerting a profound influence on a wide spectrum of infectious diseases, encompassing respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Subsequent to the easing of NPIs, China experienced a significant outbreak of (MP).

Methods: Over a decade from 2015 to 2024, our study scrutinized 12 common infectious diseases among pediatric children.

Ziresovir in Hospitalized Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe illness in infants, with no effective treatment. Results of a phase 2 trial suggested that ziresovir may have efficacy in the treatment of infants hospitalized with RSV infection.

Methods: In a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in China, we enrolled participants 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized with RSV infection.

Adenovirus and co-infection as a risk factor for severe community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Background: To investigate the pathogenic characteristics and risk factors of pediatric severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized children with severe CAP from April 2014 to June 2019 in China. Data of age, sex and pathogenic results were collected: bacterial and fungal cultures, respiratory viruses from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum (MP)-IgM and -IgM, and BALF or blood (1-3)-β-D-glucan/galactomannan test.

Whole-genome shotgun sequencing unravels the influence of environmental microbial co-infections on the treatment efficacy for severe pediatric infectious diseases.

Background: The microbiome plays a pivotal role in mediating immune deviation during the development of early-life viral infections. Recurrent infections in children are considered a risk factor for disease development. This study delves into the metagenomics of the microbiome in children suffering from severe infections, seeking to identify potential sources of these infections.

Etiology and clinical features of children with bronchiectasis in China: A 10-year multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: The current study aims to investigate the etiology spectrum and the clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis in Chinese children.

Methods: The study is designed as a multicenter retrospective study. 193 cases were enrolled in 13 centers in China between 2008 and 2017.

Fluvoxamine alleviates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis via regulating the cGAS-STING pathway.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with high mortality and limited effective therapy. Herein, we reported that fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), used in depression and anxiety treatment, also exhibited therapeutic activities in IPF. Fluvoxamine inhibited cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), restrained the activation of their downstream targets, including PERK/ eIF2α/ c-Myc/ miR-9-5p/ TBPL1 and TBK1/ YAP/ JNK1/2/ Bnip3/ CaMKII/ cofilin signaling, thus attenuated the activation and migration of fibroblasts upon TGF-β1 challenge.

The role and mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in regulating the Rho-kinase signaling pathway in asthmatic rats.

Background: Bronchial asthma (referred to as asthma in the present study) is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disease in childhood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)D] on VDR expression, which is closely associated with asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and explored its role and mechanism in the Rho-kinase signaling pathway.

Methods: The acute asthma model was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and pertussis bacillus, and ASMCs obtained from asthmatic rats were cultured .

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates eosinophilic inflammation by inhibiting STAT3-SOCS3 signaling.

Airway inflammation of eosinophilic asthma (EA) attributes to Th2 response, leaving the role of Th17 response unknown. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induce both suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγt) to initiate Th17 cell differentiation which is inhibited by SOCS3, a negative feedback regulator of STAT3. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-responsive, cytoprotective, and immunoregulatory molecular.

Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Caused by Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare, severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by fever, skin rashes, lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with eosinophilia, and/or atypical lymphocytosis, and multiple visceral organ involvement. Moreover, patients with DRESS are at risk of developing autoimmune diseases including thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus (DM), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), etc. several weeks or months after the initial resolution.

Divergent synthesis of dual 1,4-dihydropyridines with different substituted patterns from enaminones and aldehydes through domino reactions.

A concise and efficient protocol for the regioselective synthesis of dual 1,4-dihydropyridines with several substituted patterns has been developed from a cascade cyclization of enaminones and aldehydes in different media (EtOH/CHCN). The one-pot cascade reaction involves at least five reactive sites and generates multiple C-C and C-N bonds. The established protocol explores the chemistry of enaminones by employing their three reactive sites.

Nerve growth factor exacerbates allergic lung inflammation and airway remodeling in a rat model of chronic asthma.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation and induces proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression . However, the effects of NGF on chronic pulmonary diseases of allergic origin remain unknown. To investigate the effects of NGF on lung inflammation and airway remodeling, 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, NGF, ovalbumin (OVA) and anti-rat-β-NGF antibody (anti-NGF).

The effect of substance P on asthmatic rat airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and cytoplasmic calcium concentration in vitro.

Airway remodeling and airway hyper-responsiveness are prominent features of asthma. Neurogenic inflammation participates in the development of asthma. Neurokinin substance P acts by binding to neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R).

[Design and clinical application of a three-dimensional biomechanical traction appliance for protrusion of intervertebral disc].

A three-dimensional biomechanical tracting appliance is introduced in the article, which is used to treat the protrusion of intervertebral disc. The appliance is light, practical, adjustable 3D biomechanic, simple and with multiple functions and convenient operation.

[Effect of shenmai injection on diaphragmatic fatigue in children with respiratory failure].

Objective: To study the effect of Shenmai injection (SMI) on diaphragmatic fatigue in children with respiratory failure.

Methods: Thirty-five cases of children respiratory failure with diaphragmatic fatigue were divided into two groups. The control group was treated with comprehensive therapy including anti-infection, oxygen inhalation and parenteral nutrition, etc.