Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in eastern Taiwan: high proportion among all urothelial carcinomas and correlation with chronic kidney disease.

Background/purpose: This study investigated the incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) in eastern Taiwan and its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: A total of 110 patients with histologically proven UUT-UC over a recent 20-year period were retrospectively analyzed to determine the clinical profile, overall survival and correlation with CKD.

Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 68.

Causes of failed urethral botulinum toxin A treatment for emptying failure.

Objectives: Urethral injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) can reduce urethral resistance in patients with voiding dysfunction. However, some patients do not benefit from this treatment. It is essential to identify the causes for these failed procedures.