Internet of Things-Enabled Patch With Built-in Microsensors and Wireless Chip: Real-Time Remote Monitoring of Patch Treatment.

Purpose: We aimed to design, develop, and evaluate an internet of things-enabled patch (IoT patch) for real-time remote monitoring of adherence (or patch wear time) during patch treatment in child participants in clinical trials. This study provides healthcare providers with a tool for objective, real-time, and remote assessment of adherence and for making required adjustments to treatment plans.

Methods: The IoT patch had two temperature microsensors and a wireless chip.

Compressive optic neuropathy due to posterior ethmoid mucocele.

Mucoceles are cystic formations characterized by the presence of mucus-secreting epithelial cells, which enlarge when the excretory duct becomes obstructed. Posterior ethmoidal mucoceles are rare conditions that can lead to severe ocular complications requiring immediate intervention. The close anatomical proximity of posterior ethmoidal mucoceles to the optic nerve underscores their significance.

Central retina thickness measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Parkinson disease: A meta-analysis.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect visual alterations associated with Parkinson disease, such as damage to the retinal nerve fiber layer or changes in retinal vasculature. Macula thinning in association with Parkinson disease (PD) remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the central retina thickness in PD measured using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT).

Dilute pilocarpine test for diagnosis of Adie's tonic pupil.

We have compared the diagnostic ability of different concentrations of 0.125% and 0.0625% dilute pilocarpine for detecting denervation supersensitivity in unilateral Adie's tonic pupil.

Pupillary light reflex in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.

We evaluated changes in the pupillary light reflex (PLR) of ethambutol (EMB)-induced optic neuropathy and analyzed the correlations between PLR parameters and other structural changes in EMB-induced optic neuropathy. This retrospective, observational, case-control study involved thirty-two eyes of 17 patients with EMB-induced optic neuropathy (EON group), sixty eyes of 60 patients without EMB-induced optic neuropathy (non-EON group) while taking ethambutol, and forty-five eyes of 45 normal controls. PLR was measured by digital pupillometry.

Age-related Changes of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Korean Elderly Subjects.

Purpose: We sought to establish normative ranges of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Korean elderly individuals and to identify factors that influence GCIPL thickness.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 114 healthy subjects (75 years old or older) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at a single institution. GCIPL thickness was measured with the Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system and automatic segmentation.

Ocular coloboma combined with cleft lip and palate: a case report.

Background: Ocular coloboma is an excavation of ocular structures that occurs due to abnormal fusion of the embryonic optic fissure. Further, cleft lip/palate (CL/P), a congenital midline abnormality, is caused by a defect in the fusion of the frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular prominences. No study has reported the association between these two phenotypes in the absence of other systemic abnormalities.

Neuro-ophthalmologic Findings in Visual Snow Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: The findings of ophthalmic examinations have not been systematically investigated in visual snow syndrome. This study reviewed the abnormal neuro-ophthalmologic findings in a patient cohort with symptoms of visual snow syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who were referred for symptoms of visual snow to a tertiary referral hospital from November 2016 to October 2019.

Prognostic value of macular ganglion cell layer thickness for visual outcome in parasellar tumors.

Purpose: Optic nerve compression by mass lesions at the optic chiasm leads to loss of visual function which can be recovered after decompression surgery. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic ability of macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) thickness measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for predicting postoperative visual outcome of compressive optic neuropathy (CON) related to parasellar tumors.

Methods: This observational cohort study used data from the Department of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2013 and 2018.

Amblyopia risk factors in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: A longitudinal case-control study.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal changes in risk factors for amblyopia in children treated with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Methods: Retrospective observational case control study. A total of 446 children under 4 years of age who underwent probing and/or intubation for CNLDO between January 2004 and January 2018, and 446 age-matched controls were included.

Infrared photographs with a selective wavelength filter to diagnose small-angle esotropia in young children.

Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of the selective wavelength filter analysis with infrared photographs for diagnosing small-angle esotropia in children under age 4.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, case-control study. A total of 83 esotropes with an esodeviation of ≤ 16 prism diopters (PD) and 75 orthotropic controls under 4 years of age were included.

Inner macular layer thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children and adults: a hospital-based study.

Purpose: To establish the normative ranges of macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness using Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) in both Korean children and adults, and to determine factors associated with mGCL and mIPL thickness.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 573 healthy subjects (5-70 years old) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations in a single institution.

Efficacy of collagen matrix implant on adhesions in restrictive strabismus: An experimental study in a rabbit model.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a biodegradable collagen matrix implant (Ologen, Aeon Astron Europe BV, Leiden, the Netherlands) in reducing adhesions in a rabbit model of restrictive strabismus.

Methods: A prospective, masked-observer, controlled experimental study was performed. Sixty superior rectus muscles of 30 rabbits were resected and Marlex mesh was fixed beneath the resected muscle using nonabsorbable suture.

Efficacy and Safety of Loteprednol 0.5% and Fluorometholone 0.1% After Strabismus Surgery in Children.

Purpose: To compare the effects of topical loteprednol and fluorometholone in children who underwent strabismus surgery.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational case series. A total of 60 Korean children who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2016 and September 2016 were included.

Case Report: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Associated with In Vitro Fertilization Procedures.

Significance: Ocular myasthenia gravis is a localized form of myasthenia gravis, which is a postsynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes fluctuating weakness of extraocular muscles resulting from autoimmune mechanisms. In women with myasthenia, changes in sex hormone levels and administration of corticosteroids can trigger or worsen symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

Purpose: To describe a case of seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis whose first symptom appeared a day after in vitro fertilization procedure.

Pediatric orbital wall fractures: Prognostic factors of diplopia and ocular motility limitation.

Objectives: To investigate the factors affecting recovery of diplopia and limited ocular motility in pediatric patients who underwent surgery for orbital wall fracture.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: In this retrospective observational case series, 150 pediatric patients (1-18 years old) who were diagnosed with orbital medial wall or floor fracture and underwent corrective surgery between 2004 and 2016 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were included.

Differences in pupillary light reflex between optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy.

Objectives: To determine the differences in pupillary light reflex (PLR) between the acute and chronic phases of optic neuritis (ON) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: The study included 30 patients with ON and 22 patients with NAION whose PLR were measured by a dynamic pupillometer (PLR-200; NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, USA).

Efficacy of digital pupillometry for diagnosis of Horner syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of digital pupillometry in the diagnosis of anisocoria related to Horner syndrome in adult patients.

Design: Retrospective, observational, case control study.

Methods: Nineteen patients with unilateral Horner syndrome (Horner group) and age-matched controls of 30 healthy individuals with normal vision and neither optic nerve dysfunction nor pupillary abnormalities were included.

Epiblepharon in congenital glaucoma: case-control study.

Background/aims: To assess the prevalence, clinical features and risk factors of lower lid epiblepharon among patients with congenital glaucoma.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, case-control study. Patients diagnosed with congenital glaucoma between August 1999 and November 2014 were included.