Multimodal Nanoplasmonic and Fluorescence Imaging for Simultaneous Monitoring of Single-Cell Secretory and Intracellular Dynamics.

Current imaging technologies are limited in their capability to simultaneously capture intracellular and extracellular dynamics in a spatially and temporally resolved manner. This study presents a multimodal imaging system that integrates nanoplasmonic sensing with multichannel fluorescence imaging to concomitantly analyze intracellular and extracellular processes in space and time at the single-cell level. Utilizing a highly sensitive gold nanohole array biosensor, the system provides label-free and real-time monitoring of extracellular secretion, while implementing nanoplasmonic-compatible multichannel fluorescence microscopy enables to visualize the interconnected intracellular activities.