Whose sleep matters? Untangling the relationships between maternal sleep, child sleep, and maternal depressive symptoms in the first two years of life.

Infants frequently experience sleep problems in early childhood. Poor infant sleep can impact not only infants' cognitive development but also maternal sleep and maternal mental health. Studies have reported associations between infant sleep and maternal sleep and between infant sleep and maternal depression.

Ethical considerations in AI for child health and recommendations for child-centered medical AI.

There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) framework for clinicians and AI developers to ensure ethical AI enabled systems in healthcare for children.

Skin-Tailored Adhesive Bio-Electrode with Tunable Poisson's Ratio for Stable Electrophysiological Communication.

Stretchable electrodes are crucial healthcare device components for electrophysiology signal sensing. Compared to conventional rigid gel electrodes, stretchable electrodes are advantageous for long-term monitoring with superior skin conformality. However, current devices often show limited compliance and adhesive reliability, especially during human motion.

Refining the genome of alkylbenzene-degrading sp. DK17 and comparative analysis with genomes of its deletion mutants.

sp. strain DK17 degrades various alkylbenzenes, including -xylene, making it a potential biocatalyst for the production of fine chemicals. DK17 carries the degradative genes on linear mega-plasmids.

The Surgical Education Checklist: A Novel Tool to Improve the Use of Entrustable Professional Activities in Operative Training in Competence by Design.

Objective: Surgical residents face significant challenges in meeting Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) assessment requirements under the Competence By Design (CBD) framework, potentially impacting their surgical training and readiness for practice. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of the Surgical Education Checklist (SEC) in increasing the proportion of completed EPA assessments within the Division of General Surgery.

Design: This prospective cohort study implemented the SEC between January 1, 2023, and June 30, 2023.

Associations of fetal and postnatal growth trajectories with child cognition: the GUSTO cohort study.

Background: Using longitudinal ultrasounds as an improved fetal growth marker, we aimed to investigate if increased postnatal growth following fetal abdominal circumference (AC) growth deceleration is associated with improved child cognition.

Methods: Among 797 term-born singletons in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, we derived 2nd-3rd trimester fetal AC growth z-score, fetal AC growth deceleration, standardized height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) growth at early infancy (0-4 months), late infancy (4-15 months), toddlerhood (15-37 months), and early childhood (3-7 years), and investigated their associations with intelligence quotient (IQ) at ages 4.5 years (verbal, non-verbal) and 7 years (non-verbal-block design, matrix reasoning), adjusting for socio-demographic and biological confounders.

Engineered commensals for targeted nose-to-brain drug delivery.

Intranasal administration through the olfactory epithelium (OE) presents a direct pathway for brain-targeted therapeutic delivery, although its feasibility is hampered by the anatomical and absorptive limitations of the OE. In this study, we identified Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 (Lp), a commensal strain with a natural affinity for the OE and engineered it to function as a vector for cerebral drug delivery. Upon intranasal administration, Lp released specific payload molecules within the OE, with subsequent transport and accumulation in the brain.

Large Language Models for Chatbot Health Advice Studies: A Systematic Review.

Importance: There is much interest in the clinical integration of large language models (LLMs) in health care. Many studies have assessed the ability of LLMs to provide health advice, but the quality of their reporting is uncertain.

Objective: To perform a systematic review to examine the reporting variability among peer-reviewed studies evaluating the performance of generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven chatbots for summarizing evidence and providing health advice to inform the development of the Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART).

Robotic versus laparoscopic colorectal surgery for patients with obesity: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity poses significant challenges in colorectal surgery, affecting operative difficulty and postoperative recovery. The choice of minimally invasive approach for this patient population remains a challenge during preoperative planning. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of studies comparing laparoscopic and robotic approaches for adult patients with obesity undergoing colorectal surgery.

Microbial profiling of the East Siberian Sea sediments using 16S rRNA gene and metagenome sequencing.

The Arctic Ocean is experiencing significant global warming, leading to reduced sea-ice cover, submarine permafrost thawing, and increased river discharge. The East Siberian Sea (ESS) undergoes more significant terrestrial inflow from coastal erosion and river runoff than other Arctic seas. Despite extensive research on environmental changes, microbial communities and their functions in the ESS, which are closely related to environmental conditions, remain largely unexplored.

Potential risks of bacterial plant pathogens from thawing permafrost in the Alaskan tundra.

Global warming-induced permafrost thawing raises concerns about the release of dormant microbes, including potentially harmful plant pathogens. However, the potential pathogenic risks associated with the thawing of permafrost remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 90-day soil incubation experiment at 4 °C to mimic extended permafrost thawing in Alaskan tundra soils stratified into active (A), transitional (T), and permanently frozen (P) layers.

Modified Frailty Index for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample From 2015 to 2019.

Background: Frailty is increasingly recognized as a perioperative risk for numerous surgical diseases. We applied the modified frailty index (mFI-11) to the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the NIS (2015-2019) including CRC patients undergoing surgery.

Prospective prediction of childhood body mass index trajectories using multi-task Gaussian processes.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) trajectories have been used to assess the growth of children with respect to their peers, and to anticipate future obesity and disease risk. While retrospective BMI trajectories have been actively studied, models to prospectively predict continuous BMI trajectories have not been investigated.

Materials And Methods: Using longitudinal BMI measurements between birth and age 10 y from a mother-offspring cohort, we leveraged a multi-task Gaussian process approach to develop and evaluate a unified framework for modeling, clustering, and prospective prediction of BMI trajectories.

Novel, cold-adapted D-laminaribiose- and D-glucose-releasing GH16 endo-β-1,3-glucanase from PAMC 29290, a psychrotolerant bacterium from Arctic marine sediment.

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) that plays an essential role in the mineralization of β-glucan polysaccharides. In this study, the novel gene encoding an extracellular, non-modular GH16 endo-β-1,3-glucanase (GluH) from PAMC 29290 isolated from Arctic marine sediment was discovered through an analysis of its whole genome sequence and subsequently overexpressed in BL21. The 870-bp GluH gene encoded a protein featuring a single catalytic GH16 domain that shared over 61% sequence identity with uncharacterized endo-β-1,3-glucanases from diverse species, as recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database.

Shaping Adoption and Sustained Use Across the Maternal Journey: Qualitative Study on Perceived Usability and Credibility in Digital Health Tools.

Background: Maternal and child health outcomes are positively influenced by early intervention, and digital health (DH) tools provide the potential for a low-cost and scalable solution such as informational platforms or digital tracking tools. Despite the wide availability of DH tools out there for women from before to after pregnancy, user engagement remains low.

Objective: This study aims to explore the factors that shape women's DH adoption and sustained use across the maternal journey from preconception to postbirth, to improve user engagement with DH tools.

Dietary pattern trajectories in early childhood and their associations with patterns of maternal feeding practices in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Background: Maternal feeding practices play a major role in children's dietary intakes. However, there is limited data on the associations between trajectories of dietary patterns (DPs) and patterns of maternal feeding practices during early childhood.

Methods: Using data from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort study, namely the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), dietary intakes were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaires in children at 18 months, 5 and 7 years of age.

A seamless auxetic substrate with a negative Poisson's ratio of -1.

Auxetic metamaterials are a unique class of materials or structures with a negative Poisson's ratio and a wide array of functionalities. However, their inherent porosity presents challenges in practical applications. Filling the inherent perforations while preserving their unique auxeticity is difficult because it demands the seamless integration of components that have highly distinct mechanical characteristics.