Anti-Ischemic Effects of PIK3IP1 Are Mediated through Its Interactions with the ET-PI3Kγ-AKT Axis.

Oxidative stress, caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is one of the main factors leading to myocardial cell damage and programmed cell death. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT (PI3K-AKT) signaling is essential for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1) is an intrinsic inhibitor of PI3K in various tissues, but its functional role during AMI remains unknown.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme V variant 1 enables cellular responses toward fibroblast growth factor signaling in endothelium.

Ubiquitination has been shown to provide an essential regulatory role in modulating the duration and amplitude of the signaling activity in angiogenesis. While successive enzymatic reactions mediated by three distinct types of enzymes commonly known as E1, E2, and E3 are required for ubiquitination, the role of E3s which govern the final step of ubiquitination has been extensively analyzed in angiogenesis. In contrast, the role of E2s, which determine the context and functional consequences of ubiquitination, remains largely unknown with respect to angiogenesis.

Age-related Changes of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Korean Elderly Subjects.

Purpose: We sought to establish normative ranges of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Korean elderly individuals and to identify factors that influence GCIPL thickness.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 114 healthy subjects (75 years old or older) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at a single institution. GCIPL thickness was measured with the Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system and automatic segmentation.

Ocular coloboma combined with cleft lip and palate: a case report.

Background: Ocular coloboma is an excavation of ocular structures that occurs due to abnormal fusion of the embryonic optic fissure. Further, cleft lip/palate (CL/P), a congenital midline abnormality, is caused by a defect in the fusion of the frontonasal, maxillary, and mandibular prominences. No study has reported the association between these two phenotypes in the absence of other systemic abnormalities.

Neuro-ophthalmologic Findings in Visual Snow Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: The findings of ophthalmic examinations have not been systematically investigated in visual snow syndrome. This study reviewed the abnormal neuro-ophthalmologic findings in a patient cohort with symptoms of visual snow syndrome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who were referred for symptoms of visual snow to a tertiary referral hospital from November 2016 to October 2019.

Characteristics and outcomes of public bath-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in South Korea.

Objective: To analyze the differences in characteristics and outcomes between public bath (PB)-related and non-PB-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in South Korea.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational analysis of collected data from the Smart Advanced Cardiac Life Support (SALS) registry between September 2015 and December 2018. We included adult OHCA patients (aged >18 years) with presumed OHCA of non-traumatic etiology who were attended by dispatched emergency medical services.

Prognostic value of macular ganglion cell layer thickness for visual outcome in parasellar tumors.

Purpose: Optic nerve compression by mass lesions at the optic chiasm leads to loss of visual function which can be recovered after decompression surgery. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic ability of macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) thickness measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for predicting postoperative visual outcome of compressive optic neuropathy (CON) related to parasellar tumors.

Methods: This observational cohort study used data from the Department of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2013 and 2018.

Role of SIRT1 in Modulating Acetylation of the Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca-ATPase in Heart Failure.

Rationale: SERCA2a, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase, is a critical determinant of cardiac function. Reduced level and activity of SERCA2a are major features of heart failure. Accordingly, intensive efforts have been made to develop efficient modalities for SERCA2a activation.

Infrared photographs with a selective wavelength filter to diagnose small-angle esotropia in young children.

Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of the selective wavelength filter analysis with infrared photographs for diagnosing small-angle esotropia in children under age 4.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, case-control study. A total of 83 esotropes with an esodeviation of ≤ 16 prism diopters (PD) and 75 orthotropic controls under 4 years of age were included.

Inner macular layer thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in children and adults: a hospital-based study.

Purpose: To establish the normative ranges of macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness using Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) in both Korean children and adults, and to determine factors associated with mGCL and mIPL thickness.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 573 healthy subjects (5-70 years old) who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations in a single institution.

Crystal structure of the Ube2K/E2-25K and K48-linked di-ubiquitin complex provides structural insight into the mechanism of K48-specific ubiquitin chain synthesis.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) form thioester bonds with ubiquitin (Ub), which are subsequently transferred to target proteins for cellular progress. Ube2K/E2-25K (a class II E2 enzyme) contains a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain that has been suggested to control ubiquitin recognition, dimerization, or poly-ubiquitin chain formation. Ube2K is a special E2 because it synthesizes K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains without E3 ubiquitin ligase.

Efficacy of collagen matrix implant on adhesions in restrictive strabismus: An experimental study in a rabbit model.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a biodegradable collagen matrix implant (Ologen, Aeon Astron Europe BV, Leiden, the Netherlands) in reducing adhesions in a rabbit model of restrictive strabismus.

Methods: A prospective, masked-observer, controlled experimental study was performed. Sixty superior rectus muscles of 30 rabbits were resected and Marlex mesh was fixed beneath the resected muscle using nonabsorbable suture.

Efficacy and Safety of Loteprednol 0.5% and Fluorometholone 0.1% After Strabismus Surgery in Children.

Purpose: To compare the effects of topical loteprednol and fluorometholone in children who underwent strabismus surgery.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational case series. A total of 60 Korean children who underwent strabismus surgery between January 2016 and September 2016 were included.

Case Report: Ocular Myasthenia Gravis Associated with In Vitro Fertilization Procedures.

Significance: Ocular myasthenia gravis is a localized form of myasthenia gravis, which is a postsynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes fluctuating weakness of extraocular muscles resulting from autoimmune mechanisms. In women with myasthenia, changes in sex hormone levels and administration of corticosteroids can trigger or worsen symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

Purpose: To describe a case of seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis whose first symptom appeared a day after in vitro fertilization procedure.

Pediatric orbital wall fractures: Prognostic factors of diplopia and ocular motility limitation.

Objectives: To investigate the factors affecting recovery of diplopia and limited ocular motility in pediatric patients who underwent surgery for orbital wall fracture.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Methods: In this retrospective observational case series, 150 pediatric patients (1-18 years old) who were diagnosed with orbital medial wall or floor fracture and underwent corrective surgery between 2004 and 2016 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were included.

Differences in pupillary light reflex between optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy.

Objectives: To determine the differences in pupillary light reflex (PLR) between the acute and chronic phases of optic neuritis (ON) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: The study included 30 patients with ON and 22 patients with NAION whose PLR were measured by a dynamic pupillometer (PLR-200; NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, USA).

NFAT1 Regulates Systemic Autoimmunity through the Modulation of a Dendritic Cell Property.

The transcription factor NFAT1 plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of T lymphocytes. However, its functional importance in non-CD4 T cells, especially in systemic immune disorders, is largely unknown. In this study, we report that NFAT1 regulates dendritic cell (DC) tolerance and suppresses systemic autoimmunity using the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) as a model.

Efficacy of digital pupillometry for diagnosis of Horner syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of digital pupillometry in the diagnosis of anisocoria related to Horner syndrome in adult patients.

Design: Retrospective, observational, case control study.

Methods: Nineteen patients with unilateral Horner syndrome (Horner group) and age-matched controls of 30 healthy individuals with normal vision and neither optic nerve dysfunction nor pupillary abnormalities were included.

Epiblepharon in congenital glaucoma: case-control study.

Background/aims: To assess the prevalence, clinical features and risk factors of lower lid epiblepharon among patients with congenital glaucoma.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, case-control study. Patients diagnosed with congenital glaucoma between August 1999 and November 2014 were included.

The role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2j1 phosphorylation and its degradation by proteasome during endoplasmic stress recovery.

The human Ube2j1 and Ube2j2 are the only ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) that are localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through its C-terminal transmembrane domains. Ube2j1 is a known substrate of MAPK signalling pathway and it is phosphorylated at serine-184 during ER stress. Here, we demonstrate that Ube2j1, not Ube2j2 is essential for the recovery of cells from transient ER stress.

Ocular findings in patients with spastic type cerebral palsy.

Background: Refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, and cortical visual impairment are observed in 50 to 90 % of patients with cerebral palsy. Ocular abnormalities are known to differ according to cerebral palsy type, and spastic type has been reported to be more likely to be associated with ocular defects than the athetoid and ataxic types.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 105 consecutive children with spastic type of cerebral palsy who underwent ophthalmologic examination between July 2003 and March 2006.