Decalin-Containing Tetramic Acids and 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridones with Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity from the Fungus Coniochaeta cephalothecoides Collected in Tibetan Plateau (Medog).

New tetramic acid derivatives, (±)-conipyridoins A-D (1-4), conipyridoins E (5) and F (6), and new 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids (±)-didymellamide E (7), (+)-didymellamide B (8), (+)-N-hydroxyapiosporamide (9), and didymellamides F-H (10-12) were isolated and identified from the solid culture of the fungus Coniochaeta cephalothecoides. Chiral resolution of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 gave five pairs of enantiomers: 1a/1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b, 4a/4b, and 7a/7b, respectively. Stereochemistry of 1a and 1b, and 2a and 2b was established and confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods.

Systematic identification of cancer-related long noncoding RNAs and aberrant alternative splicing of quintuple-negative lung adenocarcinoma through RNA-Seq.

Objectives: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer prevalent in Asia. There is a dearth of understanding regarding the transcriptome landscape of LUAD without primary known driver mutations. In this study, LUAD samples without well-known driver mutations occurring in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1 or RET (quintuple-negative) were used for transcriptome study with a focus on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), alternative splicing and gene fusions.

A new species of Trichoderma hypoxylon harbours abundant secondary metabolites.

Some species of Trichoderma are fungicolous on fungi and have been extensively studied and commercialized as biocontrol agents. Multigene analyses coupled with morphology, resulted in the discovery of T. hypoxylon sp.

Comprehensive Characterization of Oncogenic Drivers in Asian Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: The incidence rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer, is elevated in Asians, particularly in female nonsmokers. The mutation patterns in LUAD in Asians might be distinct from those in LUAD in whites.

Methods: We profiled 271 resected LUAD tumors (mainly stage I) to characterize the genomic landscape of LUAD in Asians with a focus on female nonsmokers.

A new sesquiterpene from the entomogenous fungus Phomopsis amygdali.

A new sesquiterpene, (+)-S-1-methyl-abscisic-6-acid (1), together with five known compounds, (+)-S-abscisic acid (2), fusicoccin J (3), 3α-hydroxyfusicoccin J (4), (R)-5-hydroxymethylmellein (5) and 4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6) was isolated from the fermentation extract of Phomopsis amygdali, an entomogenous fungus isolated from Call midge. Their structures were determined mainly by analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-6 were tested for antimicrobial activity against three plant pathogenic fungi: Gibberella zeae, Verticillium albo-atrum, and Fusarium nivale, and two bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2033E.

New ambuic acid derivatives from the solid culture of Pestalotiopsis neglecta and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity.

Four new ambuic acid derivatives (1-4), and four known derivatives (5-8), were isolated from the solid culture of a plant pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of the C-16 secondary alcohol in 1 was deduced via the CD data of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex with the acetonide derivative of 1.

Erinacerins C-L, isoindolin-1-ones with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from cultures of the medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus.

The well-known edible and medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus produces various bioactive secondary metabolites. Ten new isoindolin-1-ones, named erinacerins C-L (1-10), together with (E)-5-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenethylisoindolin-1-one (11) were isolated from the solid culture of H. erinaceus.

New α-glucosidase inhibitors with p-terphenyl skeleton from the mushroom Hydnellum concrescens.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the bioactive components responsible for the the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity detected in the EtOAc extract of the mushroom Hydnellum concrescens. Two new p-terphenyl derivatives, concrescenins A (1) and B (2), in along with six known compounds thelephantins L (3), I (4), J (5), K (6), dihydroauran-tiacin dibenzoate (7), and curtisian A (8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of H. concrescens.

Molecular and morphological description of two new species of Stemphylium from China and France.

Two new species of Stemphylium (anamorphic Pleospora) are described on the basis of morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Stemphylium phaseolina and S. variabilis were isolated respectively from diseased leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Ulocladium cantlous sp. nov. isolated from northwestern China: its morphology and molecular phylogenetic position.

A new species of Ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two Cucumis sp. growing in Sinkiang and Gansu provinces of China. Conidia were isolated from necrotic leaves and used to establish single-spore pure cultures.

Predicting the fate of microRNA target genes based on sequence features.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators that repress gene expression by binding to the 3'UTRs of their target mRNAs. There are two main outcomes for the transcripts targeted by miRNAs: mRNA degradation and translational repression. It is still unclear what factors determine whether a target transcript is degraded or translationally repressed.

An overview of hepatocellular carcinoma study by omics-based methods.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. Scientists have been studying the molecular mechanism of HCC for years, but the understanding of it remains incomplete and scattered across the literature at different molecular levels. Chromosomal aberrations, epigenetic abnormality and changes of gene expression have been reported in HCC.

Primary transcripts and expressions of mammal intergenic microRNAs detected by mapping ESTs to their flanking sequences.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of approximately 22-nt small RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Thousands of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been identified by using upstream 2500-nt and downstream 4000-nt flanking sequences to BLAST in the dbEST database. The cotranscription of the miRNAs and their flanking sequences covered by the matched ESTs is verified by RT-PCR.