Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the critical role of alternative splicing in cattle testicular spermatagonia.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) form haploid gametes through the precisely regulated process of spermatogenesis. Within the testis, SSCs undergo self-renewal through mitosis, differentiation, and then enter meiosis to generate mature spermatids. This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing on 26,888 testicular cells obtained from five Holstein bull testes, revealing the presence of five distinct germ cell types and eight somatic cell types in cattle testes.

Tankyrase inhibitor IWR-1 modulates HIPPO and Transforming Growth Factor β signaling in primed bovine embryonic stem cells cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

The use of tankyrase inhibitors is essential for capturing livestock embryonic stem cells (ESC), yet their mechanisms of action remain largely uncharacterized. Previous studies indicate that their roles extend beyond the suppression of canonical WNT signaling. This study investigates the effects of the tankyrase inhibitor IWR-1 on maintaining the pluripotency of bovine embryonic stem cells (bESC) cultured on mitotically inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF).

The complete chloroplast genome of Stearn (Liliaceae) from southwestern China.

, a herb from southeastern Xizang, China, has its first complete chloroplast genome sequenced using next-generation sequencing. The genome is 151,814 bp, consisting of inverted repeats (IRs; 26,323 bp), small single-copy (SSC; 17,524 bp), and large single-copy regions (LSC; 81,644 bp). It encodes 112 unique genes: 78 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. Yun Liang (Liliaceae, Lilieae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

is a species of ornamental plant found in southeastern Xizang, China. In the present study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The assembled cp genome was 151,839 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs; 26,421 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC; 17,528 bp), and a large single-copy region (LSC; 81,469 bp).

CFAP58 is involved in the sperm head shaping and flagellogenesis of cattle and mice.

CFAP58 is a testis-enriched gene that plays an important role in the sperm flagellogenesis of humans and mice. However, the effect of CFAP58 on bull semen quality and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis remain unknown. Here, we identified two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs110610797, A>G and rs133760846, G>T) and one indel (g.

, a new species in the genus (Liliaceae) that reveals parallel evolution within morphology.

The former genus , which has been merged as a clade within the genus (Liliaceae), represents one of the most complicated and unclear groups included in the latter. Research on members of the Nomocharis clade has been quite limited due to the sampling difficulties caused by its selective environmental preferences. In this study, we propose a new species within this clade, , as a further bridge connecting the former genus with other members of the genus We conducted morphological clustering, phylogenetic, and comparative genomics analyses of nuclear internal spacers and the newly generated complete chloroplast genome, in conjunction with previously published sequences, and performed ancestral state reconstruction to clarify the evolutionary pattern of important traits in .

The single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Chinese holstein cattle.

Objectives: This study was performed in the frame of a more extensive study dedicated to the integrated analysis of the single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a large-scale GWAS of 45 complex traits in Chinese Holstein cattle. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial mediator of chronic inflammation to modulate immune responses. PBMCs include primary T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes (Mono), and dendritic cells (DC).

Phylogeny of the Diploid Species of (Rosaceae).

L. (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) contains around 700 species distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with the highest species diversity in temperate to subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. The taxonomy of is challenging due to the frequency of polyploidy, hybridization and apomixis.

Coordinated alternation of DNA methylation and alternative splicing of PBRM1 affect bovine sperm structure and motility.

DNA methylation and gene alternative splicing drive spermatogenesis. In screening DNA methylation markers and transcripts related to sperm motility, semen from three pairs of full-sibling Holstein bulls with high and low motility was subjected to reduced representation bisulphite sequencing. A total of 948 DMRs were found in 874 genes (gDMRs).

Predictions of Milk Fatty Acid Contents by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy in Chinese Holstein Cows.

Genetic improvement of milk fatty acid content traits in dairy cattle is of great significance. However, chromatography-based methods to measure milk fatty acid content have several disadvantages. Thus, quick and accurate predictions of various milk fatty acid contents based on the mid-infrared spectrum (MIRS) from dairy herd improvement (DHI) data are essential and meaningful to expand the amount of phenotypic data available.

Bta-miR-6531 Regulates Calcium Influx in Bovine Leydig Cells and Is Associated with Sperm Motility.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in sperm as the regulatory factors involved in fertility and subsequent early embryonic development. Bta-miR-6531 is specifically a highly enriched miRNA in low-motility sperms in previous study. To investigate the mechanism of bta-miR-6531, 508 shared target genes of bta-miR-6531 were predicted using two miRNA target databases (TargetScan7 and miRWalk).

Optimization of bovine embryonic fibroblast feeder layer prepared by Mitomycin C.

Feeder cells play important roles in In-vitro culture of stem cells. However, the preparation protocol of feeder cells produced by bovine embryonic fibroblast cells (bEFs) is still lack. In this study, the preparation of bEF-feeder by Mitomycin C was optimized with different concentrations and treatment time.

Integrative analysis of the steroidal alkaloids distribution and biosynthesis of bulbs Fritillariae Cirrhosae through metabolome and transcriptome analyses.

Background: Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) is an endangered high-altitude medicine and food homology plant with anti-tumor, anti-asthmatic, and antitussive activities as it contains a variety of active ingredients, especially steroidal alkaloids. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergia (BFT) is another species of Fritillaria that grows at lower altitude areas. Production of plant-derived active ingredients through a synthetic biology strategy is one of the current hot topics in biological research, which requires a complete understanding of the related molecular pathways.

Single-cell transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses of dairy cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their responses to lipopolysaccharide.

Background: Gram-negative bacteria are important pathogens in cattle, causing severe infectious diseases, including mastitis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and crucial mediators of chronic inflammation in cattle. LPS modulations of bovine immune responses have been studied before.

Chromosome-level de novo genome assembly and whole-genome resequencing of the threatened species Acanthochlamys bracteata (Velloziaceae) provide insights into alpine plant divergence in a biodiversity hotspot.

The Hengduan Mountains region is an important hotspot of alpine plant diversity and endemism. Acanthochlamys bracteata is a species of a threatened monotypic genus endemic to the Hengduan Mountains. In this study, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome for A.

Comparative taxonomic variation in fruits and seeds' surface morphology among populations of alpine Rosa sericea complex (Rosaceae).

In this research, the fruits and seeds' surface morphological features and their taxonomic significance were determined. Additionally, useful traits for delimitation of taxa of Rosa sericea complex were studied. In this research, three taxa of the complex R.

Introgression, admixture, and selection facilitate genetic adaptation to high-altitude environments in cattle.

Domestication and subsequent selection of cattle to form breeds and biological types that can adapt to different environments partitioned ancestral genetic diversity into distinct modern lineages. Genome-wide selection particularly for adaptation to extreme environments left detectable signatures genome-wide. We used high-density genotype data for 42 cattle breeds and identified the influence of Bos grunniens and Bos javanicus on the formation of Chinese indicine breeds that led to their divergence from India-origin zebu.

The first complete chloroplast genome of the fern genus (Dryopteridaceae).

The first chloroplast genome of the fern genus Roth (Dryopteridaceae) is reported here. (Baker) Diels belongs to subgenus (; Dryopteridaceae), many species of which are endangered or critically endangered species. The complete chloroplast genome of was determined for the first time in this work, which is revealed a circle quadripartite structure of 154,143 bp in length comprising a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,990 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 21,593 bp and a pair of inverted regions (IRs) of 22,780 bp, respectively.

Hybrid Speciation and Introgression Both Underlie the Genetic Structures and Evolutionary Relationships of Three Morphologically Distinct Species of (Liliaceae) Forming a Hybrid Zone Along an Elevational Gradient.

We studied hybrid interactions of , , and using an integrative approach combining population genetics, fieldwork, and phenological research. These three species occur along an elevational gradient, with occurring at lower elevations, at higher elevations, and between them. The species show strong morphological differentiation despite there being no clear environmental barriers to gene flow among them.

Impact of the Order of Legendre Polynomials in Random Regression Model on Genetic Evaluation for Milk Yield in Dairy Cattle Population.

The random regression test-day model has become the most commonly adopted model for routine genetic evaluations in dairy populations, which allows accurately accounting for genetic and environmental effects over lactation. The objective of this study was to explore appropriate random regression test-day models for genetic evaluation of milk yield in a Holstein population with a relatively small size, which is the common situation in regional or independent breeding companies to preform genetic evaluation. Data included 419,567 test-day records from 54,417 cows from the first lactation.

The complete chloroplast genome of , the type species of the genus (Apiaceae).

L. is the type species of the genus L., which was considered as one of the largest and most complicated groups in the family Apiaceae.

Floral adaptations of two lilies: implications for the evolution and pollination ecology of huge trumpet-shaped flowers.

Premise: Evolutionary transitions among floral morphologies, many of which provide evidence for adaptation to novel pollinators, are common. Some trumpet-shaped flowers are among the largest flowers in angiosperms, occurring in different lineages. Our goal was to investigate the role of pollinators in the evolution of these flowers using Lilium.

Species Boundaries and Parapatric Speciation in the Complex of Alpine Shrubs, (Rosaceae), Based on Population Genetics and Ecological Tolerances.

Discerning species boundaries among closely related taxa is fundamental to studying evolution and biodiversity. However, species boundaries can be difficult to access in plants because ongoing divergence and speciation may leave an evolutionary footprint similar to introgression, which occurs frequently among species and genera. In this study, we sought to determine species boundaries between two closely related alpine shrubs, and , using population genetics, environmental data and ecological niche modeling, and morphological traits.