Construction of ThermoMaze.

Physiological changes during awake immobility-related brain states remain one of the great unexplored behavioral states. Controlling periods of awake immobility is challenging because restraining the animal is stressful and is accompanied by altered physiological states. Here, we describe the ThermoMaze, a behavioral paradigm that allows for the collection of large amounts of physiological data while the animal rests at distinct experimenter-determined locations.

A dual-prodrug nanogel combining Vorinostat and Pyropheophorbide a for a high efficient photochemotherapy.

The challenges posed by intractable relapse and metastasis in cancer treatment have led to the development of various forms of photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, traditional drug delivery systems, such as virus vectors, liposomes, and polymers, often suffer from issues like desynchronized drug release, carrier instability, and drug leakage during circulation. To address these problems, we have developed a dual-prodrug nanogel (PVBN) consisting of Pyro (Pyropheophorbide a) and SAHA (Vorinostat) bound to BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin), which facilitates synchronous and spontaneous drug release in situ within the lysosome.

Establishment of a TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR method for detection of exogenous fowl adenovirus type Ⅰ, type Ⅲ and avian leukosis virus in human cold adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines.

Cold adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines can effectively prevent human disease and death caused by influenza virus. Since chicken embryos are used as the culture substrate for the large-scale production of influenza vaccines, cold adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines may be contaminated by exogenous avian viruses. Rapid and sensitive methods such as TaqMan-based quantitative PCR are needed for the detection of exogenous avian viruses during cold adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines production.

ThermoMaze: A behavioral paradigm for readout of immobility-related brain events.

Brain states fluctuate between exploratory and consummatory phases of behavior. These state changes affect both internal computation and the organism's responses to sensory inputs. Understanding neuronal mechanisms supporting exploratory and consummatory states and their switching requires experimental control of behavioral shifts and collecting sufficient amounts of brain data.

New Insights of Biological Functions of Natural Polyphenols in Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases.

The intestine is critically crucial for nutrient absorption and host defense against exogenous stimuli. Inflammation-related intestinal diseases, including enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), are heavy burdens for human beings due to their high incidence and devastating clinical symptoms. Current studies have confirmed that inflammatory responses, along with oxidative stress and dysbiosis as critical pathogenesis, are involved in most intestinal diseases.

Preconfigured dynamics in the hippocampus are guided by embryonic birthdate and rate of neurogenesis.

The incorporation of new information into the hippocampal network is likely to be constrained by its innate architecture and internally generated activity patterns. However, the origin, organization and consequences of such patterns remain poorly understood. In the present study we show that hippocampal network dynamics are affected by sequential neurogenesis.

Association between intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has emerged as a global disease with high incidence, long duration, devastating clinical symptoms, and low curability (relapsing immune response and barrier function defects). Mounting studies have been performed to investigate its pathogenesis to provide an ever-expanding arsenal of therapeutic options, while the precise etiology of IBD is not completely understood yet. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing methods and animal models have provided new insights into the association between intestinal microbiota and IBD.

Coupling Chlorin-Based Photosensitizers and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Photodynamic Chemotherapy.

Photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy is a promising strategy to improve the antitumor efficacy. On the basis of coupling the chlorin-based photosensitizer pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to fabricate dual-mode antitumor molecules, a series of dual-mode antitumor prodrug molecules were synthesized and assessed for antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The data demonstrated that , with the most favorable phototoxicity and dark toxicity, could significantly inhibit the cell migration and upregulate the expression of acetyl-H3 protein, functioning as a photosensitizer and HDACi, respectively.

Lysosomal activable Vorinostat carrier-prodrug self-assembling with BPQDs enables photothermal oncotherapy to reverse tumor thermotolerance and metastasis.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is becoming increasing prevalent in clinic for eradicating the primary tumor and improving cancer patients' compliance. However, photothermal resistance and distal metastasis still haunt the tumor treatment with PTT. Herein, on the basis that histone deacetylase acetylase inhibitor (HDACis) could activate the expression of anti-tumor gene and accelerate the differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells, we propose that HDACis supplementing PTT could overcome those obstacles with appropriate drug-controlled release strategy.

Flexible Organic Framework-Based Anthracycline Prodrugs for Enhanced Tumor Growth Inhibition.

A water-soluble flexible organic framework of low cytotoxicity has been synthesized from a pyridinium-derived tetracationic tetraaldehyde and a citric acid-derived tritopic acylhydrazine (1:2) through the formation of a hydrazone bond. Dynamic light-scattering experiments reveal that has a hydrodynamic diameter of 79 nm at 0.1 mM concentration of the tetrahedral precursor.

A pH-responsive complex based on supramolecular organic framework for drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is one of the main ways to treat breast cancer clinically. However, the multidrug resistance to anti-tumor drugs limits their clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) has attracted more and more attention in cancer therapy.

A pH-responsive complex based on supramolecular organic framework for drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is one of the main ways to treat breast cancer clinically. However, the multidrug resistance to anti-tumor drugs limits their clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) has attracted more and more attention in cancer therapy.

A Sequential Therapeutic Hydrogel With Injectability and Antibacterial Activity for Deep Burn Wounds' Cleaning and Healing.

As a severe clinical challenge, escharotomy and infection are always the core concerns of deep burn injuries. However, a usual dressing without multifunctionality leads to intractable treatment on deep burn wounds. Herein, we fabricated a sequential therapeutic hydrogel to solve this problem.

Lactobacillus johnsonii Attenuates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis by Regulating Inflammatory Responses and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice.

Background: Probiotics are beneficial in intestinal disorders. However, the benefits of Lactobacillus johnsonii in experimental colitis remain unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the benefits of L.

Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets.

Amino acids serve not only as building blocks for proteins, but also as substrates for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight substances involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In the present study, eighteen weaned female piglets at 35 days of age were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP), respectively. We found that 17% or 20% CP administration reduced the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, while enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in serum.

Incorporating conflict risks in pedestrian-motorist interactions: A game theoretical approach.

At "semi-controlled" crosswalks with yield signs and markings, negotiations as to the right-of-way occur frequently between pedestrians and motorists, to determine who should proceed first. This kind of "negotiation" often leads to traffic delay and potential conflicts. To minimize misunderstandings between pedestrian and motorist that can have serious safety consequences, it is essential that we understand the decision-making process as the "players" interact in real street-crossing situations.

Polymerized vorinostat mediated photodynamic therapy using lysosomal spatiotemporal synchronized drug release complex.

A combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACis) could potentiate single-mode anti-tumor activity of HDACis or PDT to inhibit tumor relapse and metastasis. However, poor solubility and heterogeneity in cellular uptake and tissue distribution hamper the dual mode antitumor effect. For a controlled drug release of photosensitizers and HDACis in cytoplasm, photosensitizer pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) encapsulated in polymer polyethylene glycol-b-poly (asparaginyl-vorinostat) (simplified as Pyro@FPPS) are fabricated to achieve their lysosomal spatiotemporal synchronized release.

Protective effects of glycine against lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal apoptosis and inflammation.

Intestinal dysfunction is commonly observed in humans and animals. Glycine (Gly) is a functional amino acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The objective of this study was to test the protective effects of Gly against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury.

Glycine Attenuates Citrobacter rodentium-Induced Colitis by Regulating ATF6-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice.

Scope: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota are implicated. Glycine supplementation is reported to reduce inflammatory responses in experimental colitis. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects remain unclear.

L-Proline Activates Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 and Modulates Redox Environment in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells.

L-proline (proline) is a key regulator of embryogenesis, placental development, and fetal growth. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of proline are largely unknown. This study used porcine trophectoderm cell line 2 (pTr2) to investigate the underlying mechanisms of proline in cell proliferation and redox homeostasis.

Lysosome activable polymeric vorinostat encapsulating PD-L1KD for a combination of HDACi and immunotherapy.

PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become one of the most promising methods in the field of tumor treatment. However, it encounters the challenge of immune escape due to the exhaustion of T cells. Studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation drug histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) may be able to reverse exhausted T cells by changing the epigenetic transcription program.

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol induces cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse liver.

Ingestion of food or cereal products contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON) and related derivatives poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. However, the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), an acetylated form of deoxynivalenol, have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that 3-Ac-DON caused significant oxidative damage, as shown by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, increased lipid peroxidation products, such as hydrogen peroxide (HO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Glycine regulates mucosal immunity and the intestinal microbial composition in weaned piglets.

Glycine is an amino acid with a diverse array of health benefits regarding metabolism, immunity, and development. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that glycine supplementation alters the intestinal microbial composition and improves the intestinal mucosal immunity of weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty-eight weaned piglets divided into 4 groups were fed with a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.