Serine protease RAYM_01812 (SspA) inhibits complement-mediated killing and monocyte chemotaxis and contributes to virulence of in ducks.

(RA) is a significant poultry pathogen causing acute septicemia and inflammation. The function of protease RAYM_01812, responsible for gelatin degradation, is unexplored in RA pathogenesis. To elucidate its role, we generated a deletion mutant ΔRAYM_01812 (ΔRAYM) and complementary CΔRAYM_01812 (CΔRAYM) strain and revealed the protease's role in extracellular gelatinase activity.

The outer membrane protein, OMP71, of Riemerella anatipestifer, mediates adhesion and virulence by binding to CD46 in ducks.

The Riemerella anatipestifer bacterium is known to cause infectious serositis in ducklings. Moreover, its adherence to the host's respiratory mucosa is a critical step in pathogenesis. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a complement regulatory factor on the surface of eukaryotic cell membranes.

TL promotes gut health of broilers by the contribution of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides through its anti-inflammatory potential.

The focal point of probiotic efficacy and a crucial factor influencing poultry cultivation lies in the level of intestinal inflammation. In conventional farming processes, the reduction of intestinal inflammation generally proves advantageous for poultry growth. This study investigated the impact of TL (B.

Regulation of the growth performance and the gastrointestinal microbiota community by the addition of defective pear fermentation to feed of small-tailed Han sheep.

This study investigated the effects of defective pear fermentation (DPF) diets on growth performance and gastrointestinal microbial communities in 60 healthy male small-tailed Han sheep, aged 90 days. The sheep were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of three replicates with five sheep per replicate. Initially, all groups received a basal diet for seven days during the adaptation stage.

Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli.

The effects of pomegranate peel on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and the cecal microbial community were investigated in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks (120 males and 120 females) were randomly and evenly allotted into 4 treatment groups (each with 6 biological replicates each of 10 chicks), i.e.

HDRsEf1 Promotes Systemic Th1 Responses and Enhances Resistance to Infection.

The gut microbiota is known to regulate the immune system and thereby influence susceptibility to infection. In this study, we observed that the administration of HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) led to an improvement in the development of the immune system. This was evidenced by an increase in both the spleen index and the area of spleen white pulp.

Outer membrane protein OMP76 of contributes to complement evasion and virulence by binding to duck complement factor vitronectin.

is an important bacterial pathogen in poultry. Pathogenic bacteria recruit host complement factors to resist the bactericidal effect of serum complement. Vitronectin (Vn) is a complementary regulatory protein that inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC).

A buffalo rumen-derived probiotic (SN-6) could effectively increase simmental growth performance by regulating fecal microbiota and metabolism.

Microorganisms play a key role in ruminal digestion, some of which can be used as probiotics to promote growth in ruminants. However, which potential bacteria are responsible for ruminant growth and how they potentiate the basic mechanism is unclear. In this study, three bacterial strains, (SN-3), (SN-6), and (SN-20) with multiple digestive enzymes were isolated from the rumen of healthy buffaloes.

Regulation of the cecal microbiota community and the fatty liver deposition by the addition of brewers' spent grain to feed of Landes geese.

The effects of brewers' spent grain (BSG) diets on the fatty liver deposition and the cecal microbial community were investigated in a total of 320 healthy 5-day-old Landes geese. These geese were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups each containing 8 replicates and 10 geese per replicate. These four groups of geese were fed from the rearing stage (days 5-60) to the overfeeding stage (days 61-90).

Sodium butyrate ameliorates thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia and gut microbial dysbiosis in broiler chickens.

Thiram is a dithiocarbamate pesticide widely used in agriculture as a fungicide for storing grains to prevent fungal diseases. However, its residues have threatened the safety of human beings and the stability of the ecosystem by causing different disease conditions, e.g.

Liver fat metabolism of broilers regulated by TL stimulating IGF-1 secretion and regulating the IGF signaling pathway.

TL (B.A-TL) is well-known for its capability of promoting protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, in particular, the abdominal fat deposition in broilers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Mixture of Five Fermented Herbs () Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Growth Performance in Piglets.

To explore the feasibility of using fermented Chinese herbal mixture () supplementation to increase the swine production, the protective effect of dietary supplementation with on the intestinal oxidative stress model and the regulation of both growth performance and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets were investigated . Our results showed that the addition of increased the cell viability, prevented the decrease of glutathione peroxidase, and significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced the damage caused by HO to the tight junction proteins of the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Furthermore, weaned piglets supplemented with either 2 kg/ton zinc oxide (ZnO) or 4 kg/ton of in the diet increased body weight as well as average daily feed intake and daily gain, while the feed conversion rate and diarrhea rate decreased within 0-35 days.

Different Responses of Microbiota across Intestinal Tract to HDRsEf1 and Their Correlation with Inflammation in Weaned Piglets.

HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) was identified to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, but the mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Based on the fact that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses, the effects of HDRsEf1 on microbiota across the intestinal tract in weaned piglets were investigated. Microbiota from the luminal contents and the mucosa of the ileum, cecum, and colon of HDRsEf1-treated piglets were explored by 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR.

Pig Liver Esterases Hydrolyze Endocannabinoids and Promote Inflammatory Response.

Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors and activation of these receptors has strong physiological and pathological significance. Structurally, endocannabinoids are esters (e.g.

Activation of the JNK/MAPK Signaling Pathway by TGF-β1 Enhances Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression and IgG Transcytosis.

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transports maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the foetus or newborn and protects the IgG from degradation. FcRn is expressed in several porcine tissues and cell types and its expression levels are regulated by immune and inflammatory events. IPEC-J2 cells are porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells that were isolated from neonatal piglet mid-jejunum.

Age-Based Variations in the Gut Microbiome of the Shennongjia (Hubei) Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey ().

The gut microbiota represents a source of genetic and metabolic diversity of a complex polymicrobial ecosystem within its host. To investigate age-based variations of the gut microbiota among Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys (), we characterized the microbial species in fecal samples from 18 Shennongjia golden snub-nosed monkeys evenly pooled into 3 aged groups (Group 1, 1-3 years; Group 2, 5-8 years; Group 3, above 12 years) in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was sequenced using the Illumina high-throughput MiSeq platform PE250.

TL Downregulates the Ileal Expression of Genes Involved in Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens to Improve Growth Performance.

TL promotes broiler chicken performance by improving nutrient absorption and utilization and reducing intestinal inflammation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptomes of ileal tissues collected from probiotic-fed and control broiler chickens were analyzed to elucidate the effects of the probiotic TL, as a feed additive, on the gut immune function. In total, 475 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the ileum of probiotic-fed and control birds.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor (gEGF) with Food-Grade Expression System and Its Biological Effects on Broiler Chickens.

As a multifunctional polypeptide, epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases growth performance or enhances resistance to diseases in commercial broilers under adverse conditions. In this study, a recombinant was established to produce the secretary form of bioactive gEGF. The results of in vitro testing showed that gEGF promoted the proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells.

Pathogenicity and Molecular Typing of Fowl Adenovirus-Associated With Hepatitis/Hydropericardium Syndrome in Central China (2015-2018).

In central China, a large number of broiler and layer flocks have suffered from outbreaks of severe hepatitis/hydropericardium syndrome (HHS). This resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry, from 2015 to 2018. To identify the specific pathogen and study its pathogenicity, 195 samples from Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, and Henan provinces in central China were collected.

Preliminary Study on the Effect of TL on Cecal Bacterial Community Structure of Broiler Chickens.

Probiotics can promote the health and growth performance of animals through modulation of intestinal microbiota. When used as a feed additive, they have the potential to minimize or abolish the use of antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the effect of the probiotic strain TL on the growth performance and cecum microflora composition in Cobb 500 broiler chickens.

Pig liver esterases PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antibiotics and pharmacological consequences.

Carboxylesterases, historically referred as non-specific esterases, are ubiquitous hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Without exceptions, all mammalian species studied contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases. While having been widely studied in humans and experimental animals, these enzymes remain to be characterized in farm animals.

Isolation and Identification of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on Host Natural Immune Response.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly infectious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). A PEDV strain was isolated from the piglet intestinal tract in Vero cells in Jiangsu Province, designated as the JS-A strain. PEDV was identified as the isolated virus by cytopathology, immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and sequence analysis.