Survey Results of Honey Bee Colony Losses in Winter in China (2009-2021).

There is growing concern that massive loss of honey bees can cause serious negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. Surveys of colony losses have been performed worldwide to monitor the dynamic changes and health status of honey bee colonies. Here, we present the results of surveys regarding winter colony losses from 21 provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, with a total of 1,744,324 colonies managed by 13,704 beekeepers.

Au-Catalyzed tandem intermolecular hydroalkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement between allylic alcohols and chloroalkynes.

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated α-chloroketones has been developed via Au-catalyzed tandem intermolecular hydroalkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement. In the presence of 1 mol% JohnPhosAuCl and 1 mol% NaBArF, a broad range of allylic alcohols smoothly underwent the tandem intermolecular hydroalkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement with aromatic, vinylic or aliphatic chloroalkynes to give structurally diverse γ,δ-unsaturated α-chloroketones in excellent yields. Importantly, high Z/E selectivity was achieved.

Drone and Worker Brood Microclimates Are Regulated Differentially in Honey Bees, Apis mellifera.

Background: Honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones and workers show differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior. Because the functions of drones are more related to colony reproduction, and those of workers relate to both survival and reproduction, we hypothesize that the microclimate for worker brood is more precisely regulated than that of drone brood.

Methodology/principal Findings: We assessed temperature and relative humidity (RH) inside honey bee colonies for both drone and worker brood throughout the three-stage development period, using digital HOBO® Data Loggers.

Contribution of lipids in honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly to health.

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly (RJ) has a long history in human medicine because of its health-protecting properties. To develop a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of lipids in RJ, this article reviews the available literature on lipid compounds identified from RJ extracts and in vitro pharmacological effects of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in RJ and other closely related compounds, some of which are also identified as lipid compounds in RJ. Overall, the lipids in RJ are composed of mostly (aliphatic) fatty acids, almost all of which are present as free fatty acids and scarcely any as esters.