Characteristics and spatiotemporal changes in phenotypes and genotypes of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infections in China from 2014 to 2021.

Objective: To examine the characteristics and spatiotemporal changes in the phenotypes and genotypes of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSIs) across China between 2014 and 2021.

Methods: 983 ESBL-positive E. coli strains were collected from BSIs in 66 hospitals across different geographic regions in China from 2014 to 2021.

Genomic Epidemiology of ST81 in Multiple Hospitals in China.

Background: sequence type (ST) 81, mainly associated with ribotype (RT) 369, is a TcdA-negative and TcdB-positive genotype and a common ST found in China. Furthermore, ST81 strains are reported with highest resistance rates to many antimicrobial agents. However, given the potential for ST81 transmission, research into the epidemiological characteristics of this type of ST remain limited.

Reshaping the battlefield: A decade of clonal wars among Staphylococcus aureus in China.

Background: Long-term comprehensive studies on the genomic epidemiology of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates are limited in China. Here, we aimed to assess the genomic epidemiological characteristics and population dynamics of S.

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Coastal Industrial Area: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China.

In recent years, the coastal area in East China has experienced elevated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) levels during specific periods. VOCs have become one of the major atmospheric pollutants in these areas. In this study, 64 compounds including alkanes, alkenes, halohydrocarbons, aromatics, and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were obtained by the TO-15 method through a 12-month campaign in industrial, urban and suburban areas in the Yangtze River Delta of China.

Clinical characteristics of community-onset Clostridioides difficile infections at a tertiary hospital in mainland China: A fourteen-year (2010-2023) retrospective study.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an increasingly common disease in healthcare facilities and community settings. However, there are limited reports of community-onset CDI (CO-CDI) in China.

Methods: We collected diarrheal stool samples from 3885 patients who went to outpatient department or emergency department in a tertiary hospital in China during 2010-2023, analyzed the correlation between patients' basic information and the detection rate of CDI.

Delayed Displacement of Enterprise Stent in Treating Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Case Report.

A 53-year-old patient was admitted to the stroke unit with sudden onset of weakness on the left side and dysarthria. This patient had been diagnosed with symptomatic intracerebral artery stenosis two months previously and had been administered dual oral antiplatelet agents and an aggressive dose of atorvastatin. The patient underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting two weeks after admission.

Characterization and dynamics of intestinal microbiota in patients with Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis increases the susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In this study, we monitored C. difficile colonization (CDC) patients from no CDC status (CDN) to CDC status (CDCp) and CDI patients from asymptomatic status before CDI (PRECDI), CDI status (ONCDI), to asymptomatic status after CDI (POSTCDI).

Taohong Siwu decoction alleviates cognitive impairment by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis signaling pathway in vascular dementia rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used for the treatment of vascular diseases, including vascular dementia (VD). However, the mechanisms remain unclear.

Aim Of Study: This study aimed to investigate whether TSD has a positive effect on cognitive impairment in VD rats and to confirm that the mechanism of action is related to the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ERs) and cell apoptosis signaling pathway.

Genetic, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance characteristics associated with distinct morphotypes in ST11 carbapenem-resistant .

ST11 is the most common lineage among carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) infections in Asia. Diverse morphotypes resulting from genetic mutations are associated with significant differences in microbial characteristics among isolates. Here, we investigated the genetic determinants and critical characteristics associated with distinct morphotypes of ST11 CRKP.

Clinical and economic evaluation of blood culture whole process optimisation in critically ill adult patients with positive blood cultures.

Objectives: Optimising blood culture processing is important to ensure that bloodstream infections are accurately diagnosed while minimising adverse events caused by antibiotic abuse. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of optimised blood culture processes on antibiotic use, clinical outcomes and economics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with positive blood cultures.

Methods: From March 2020 to October 2021, this microbiology laboratory implemented a series of improvement measures, including the clinical utility of Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization (FAN® PLUS) bottles for the BacT/Alert Virtuo blood culture system, optimisation of bottle reception, graded reports and an upgraded laboratory information system.

Bilateral Bow Hunter Syndrome Associated with Loss of Cervical Physiological Curvature.

BACKGROUND Bow hunter syndrome is a rare disease that is often overlooked. It presents with complex and variable clinical symptoms and causes, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. This case report focuses on a young patient with bilateral bow hunter syndrome, possibly caused by the loss of cervical physiological curvature.

Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: Focus on solid organ transplantation recipients.

Introduction: Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a new option to treat KPC- and OXA-48 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. However, clinical evidence is limited regarding its use in treating CRKP infections, especially in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of CAZ-AVI in treating CRKP infections in both the general population and the SOT recipients in comparison with other antibiotic regimens.

The additional value of F-FDG PET/CT imaging in guiding the treatment strategy of non-tuberculous mycobacterial patients.

Objectives: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is an increasing health problem due to delaying an effective treatment. However, there are few data on F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating the status of NTM patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential value of F-FDG PET/CT in guiding the treatment strategy of NTM patients.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ceftobiprole and Comparator Compounds against Nation-Wide Bloodstream Isolates and Different Sequence Types of MRSA.

Bloodstream infections by bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, remain a worldwide public health concern. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of ceftobiprole and comparable drugs against different bloodstream isolates and different sequence types of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in China. We found that MRSA, methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), and methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative (MSCNS) displayed ceftobiprole sensitivity rates of >95%, which are similar to the rates for linezolid, daptomycin, and vancomycin.

ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance.

The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies.

Rapid discrimination between clinical infection and colonization by quantitative detection of TcdB toxin using a real-time cell analysis system.

Objectives: It is important to accurately discriminate between clinical infection (CDI) and colonization (CDC) for effective antimicrobial treatment.

Methods: In this study, 37 stool samples were collected from 17 CDC and 20 CDI cases, and each sample were tested in parallel through the real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system, real-time PCR assay (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: RTCA-measured functional and toxical toxin B (TcdB) concentrations in the CDI group (302.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Baishanzu horned toad (Anura: Megophryidae).

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of (Anura: Megophryidae) was sequenced by the Illumina platform. The assembled circular mitogenome of had a total length of 17,040 bp, with a GC content of 41.25%.

Deep learning enables contrast-robust super-resolution reconstruction in structured illumination microscopy.

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful technique for super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction. However, conventional SIM methods require high-contrast illumination patterns, which necessitate precision optics and highly stable light sources. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new method called contrast-robust structured illumination microscopy (CR-SIM).

Comparison of the inoculum effect of in vitro antibacterial activity of Imipenem/relebactam and Ceftazidime/avibactam against ESBL-, KPC- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objective: To evaluate effect of inoculum size of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing-, AmpC-producing-, and KPC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the in vitro antibacterial effects of imipenem/relebactam (IMR) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA).

Methods: We compared the impact of inoculum size on IMR and CZA of sixteen clinical isolates and three standard isolates through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, time-kill assays and in vitro PK/PD studies.

Results: When inoculum size increased from 10 to 10 CFU/mL, an inoculum effect was observed for 26.

Genome and transcriptome analysis of from intestinal colonization and from urinary tract infection.

Introduction: is a common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and often establishes extensive colonization within the intestinal tract. Our aim was to assess the genomic and transcriptomic differences between colonized without UTI (only-colonization) and colonized causing UTI (endogenous infections).

Method: We investigated the correlation between fecal isolates from the same patient and UTI-causing isolates using PFGE and WGS, and classified fecal isolates into two groups: those that solely colonized and those associated with endogenous urinary tract infections.

A comprehensive point prevalence survey of the quality and quantity of antimicrobial use in Chinese general hospitals and clinical specialties.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious, worldwide public health crisis. Surveillance of antimicrobial use forms part of an essential strategy to contain AMR. We aimed to conduct a national point prevalence survey (PPS) on antimicrobial use, and to compare this data with similar international surveillance programs to provide a reference for future AMR strategy development in China.