Hydrogen decreases susceptibility to AngII-induced atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis via the NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the commonly occurring cardiac arrhythmia and the main factor leading to stroke and heart failure. Hydrogen (H2) is a gaseous signaling molecule that has the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Our study provides evidence that hydrogen decreases susceptibility to AngII-mediated AF together with atrial fibrosis.

High-Performance Green and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by CdZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Wells.

The unique anisotropic properties of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) make them highly promising as components in nanocrystal-based devices. However, the limited performance of green and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on CQWs has impeded their practical applications. In this study, alloy CdZnSe core CQWs with precise compositions are tailored via direct cation exchange (CE) from CdSe CQWs with specific size, shape, and crystal structure and utilized hot-injection shell (HIS) growth to synthesize CdZnSe/ZnS core/shell CQWs exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic characteristics.

Two-Coordinate Gold(I) Complex with Rotational Freedom: A Platform Integrating Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, Polymorphism, and Linearly Polarized Luminescence.

Two-coordinate coinage metal complexes have been exploited for various applications. Herein, a new donor-metal-acceptor (D-M-A) complex PZI-Au-TOT, using bulky pyrazine-fused N-heterocyclic carbene (PZI) and trioxytriphenylamine (TOT) ligands, was synthesized. PZI-Au-TOT displays decent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with a quantum yield of 93 % in doped film.

A new particle material (CTS/ZMS) for removing ammonia and nitrate from groundwater: performance and regeneration.

A new type of particle material modified zeolite molecular sieve (CTS/ZMS) is developed for the simultaneous removal of NH-N and NO-N in groundwater. To ascertain the optimal performance of CTS/ZMS, a custom central composite design (CCD) was utilised to assess the operational parameters (dosage and contact time) of CTS/ZMS composites. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity across varying pH values (3-12) and temperatures (5 °C to 30 °C).

Activation of VGLL4 Suppresses Cardiomyocyte Maturational Hypertrophic Growth.

From birth to adulthood, the mammalian heart grows primarily through increasing cardiomyocyte (CM) size, which is known as maturational hypertrophic growth. The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is well known for regulating heart development and regeneration, but its roles in CM maturational hypertrophy have not been clearly addressed. Vestigial-like 4 (VGLL4) is a crucial component of the Hippo-YAP pathway, and it functions as a suppressor of YAP/TAZ, the terminal transcriptional effectors of this signaling pathway.

Photophysical Properties of Submicrometer Ultrathin Perovskite Single-Crystal Films.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) has attracted a great deal of interest with respect to diverse optoelectronic devices. However, the photophysical properties of the OIHP require further understanding because most of the investigations have been conducted with polycrystalline perovskites, which contain high-density structural defects. Here, diverse photophysical properties, including structural characterization, spectroscopic features, and photoexcited products, are studied in submicrometer CHNHPbBr ultrathin single-crystal (UTSC) films.

A crystal capping layer for formation of black-phase FAPbI perovskite in humid air.

Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI) perovskites are the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, but water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI. We show that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility challenge. The conventional coordinative solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promoted δ-FAPbI formation under high relative humidity (RH) conditions because of its hygroscopic nature.

Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment and disposal technologies based on carbon emissions and environmental impacts.

This study aimed to create a comprehensive evaluation method for sewage sludge (SS) treatment and disposal technologies, considering carbon emission and environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) were conducted on six SS treatment and disposal technologies in China. The assessments used the IPCC emission factor approach to calculate carbon emissions and the CML2001 method to determine environmental impact factors.

Size-dependent photoluminescence blinking mechanisms and volume scaling of biexciton Auger recombination in single CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots.

Determining the correlation between the size of a single quantum dot (QD) and its photoluminescence (PL) properties is a challenging task. In the study, we determine the size of each QD by measuring its absorption cross section, which allows for accurate investigation of size-dependent PL blinking mechanisms and volume scaling of the biexciton Auger recombination at the single-particle level. A significant correlation between the blinking mechanism and QD size is observed under low excitation conditions.

Perovskite Quantum Dots Lasing in Double-Heterostructure through Energy Transfer.

Planar double heterostructures were initially investigated and have been successfully applied in III-V semiconductor lasers due to their excellent roles in confining both the photons and carriers. Here, we design and fabricate a (PEA)CsPbX (quasi-2D)/CsPbBr QD/quasi-2D double-heterostructure sandwiched in a 3/2 λ DBR microcavity, and then demonstrate a single-mode pure-green lasing with a threshold of 53.7 μJ/cm under nanosecond-pulsed optical pumping.

Layer-dependent ultrafast carrier dynamics of PdSe investigated by photoemission electron microscopy.

For atomically thin two-dimensional materials, variations in layer thickness can result in significant changes in the electronic energy band structure and physicochemical properties, thereby influencing the carrier dynamics and device performance. In this work, we employ time- and energy-resolved photoemission electron microscopy to reveal the ultrafast carrier dynamics of PdSe with different layer thicknesses. We find that for few-layer PdSe with a semiconductor phase, an ultrafast hot carrier cooling on a timescale of approximately 0.

Direct Hot-Electron Transfer at the Au Nanoparticle/Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Interface Observed with Ultrahigh Spatiotemporal Resolution.

Plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer at the metallic nanoparticle/semiconductor interface is the basis of plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis and energy harvesting. However, limited by the nanoscale size of hot spots and femtosecond time scale of hot-electron transfer, direct observation is still challenging. Herein, by using spatiotemporal-resolved photoemission electron microscopy with a two-color pump-probe beamline, we directly observed such a process with a concise system, the Au nanoparticle/monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) interface.

Large-Scale Vertically Interconnected Complementary Field-Effect Transistors Based on Thermal Evaporation.

With the rapid development of integrated circuits, there is an increasing need to boost transistor density. In addition to shrinking the device size to the atomic scale, vertically stacked interlayer interconnection technology is also an effective solution. However, realizing large-scale vertically interconnected complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs) has never been easy.

A review of the phosphorus removal of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in natural and engineered systems.

Increasing eutrophication has led to a continuous deterioration of many aquatic ecosystems. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) can provide insight into the human response to this challenge, as they initiate enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) through cyclical anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake. Although the limiting environmental factors for PAO growth and phosphorus removal have been widely discussed, there remains a gap in the knowledge surrounding the differences in the type and phosphorus removal efficiencies of natural and engineered PAO systems.

Bright and Dark Quadrupolar Excitons in the WSe_{2}/MoSe_{2}/WSe_{2} Heterotrilayer.

Transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures have been extensively studied as a platform for investigating exciton physics. While heterobilayers such as WSe_{2}/MoSe_{2} have received significant attention, there has been comparatively less research on heterotrilayers, which may offer new excitonic species and phases, as well as unique physical properties. In this Letter, we present theoretical and experimental investigations on the emission properties of quadrupolar excitons (QXs), a newly predicted type of exciton, in a WSe_{2}/MoSe_{2}/WSe_{2} heterotrilayer device.

Reveal Ultrafast Electron Relaxation across Sub-bands of Tellurium by Time- and Energy-Resolved Photoemission Microscopy.

Exploring ultrafast carrier dynamics is crucial for the materials' fundamental properties and device design. In this work, we employ time- and energy-resolved photoemission electron microscopy with tunable pump wavelengths from visible to near-infrared to reveal the ultrafast carrier dynamics of the elemental semiconductor tellurium. We find that two discrete sub-bands around the Γ point of the conduction band are involved in excited-state electron ultrafast relaxation and reveal that hot electrons first go through ultrafast intra sub-band cooling on a time scale of about 0.

Highly Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Self-Assembled Colloidal Quantum Wells.

Nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes (Nc-LEDs) have immense potential for next-generation high-definition displays and lighting applications. They offer numerous advantages, such as low cost, high luminous efficiency, narrow emission, and long lifetime. However, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of Nc-LEDs, typically employing isotropic nanocrystals, is limited by the out-coupling factor.

Revealing low-loss dielectric near-field modes of hexagonal boron nitride by photoemission electron microscopy.

Low-loss dielectric modes are important features and functional bases of fundamental optical components in on-chip optical devices. However, dielectric near-field modes are challenging to reveal with high spatiotemporal resolution and fast direct imaging. Herein, we present a method to address this issue by applying time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy to a low-dimensional wide-bandgap semiconductor, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN).

Imaging and Controlling Ultrafast Electron Pulses Emitted from Plasmonic Nanostructures.

We experimentally study photoemission from gold nanodisk arrays using space-, time-, and energy-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. When excited by a plasmonic resonant infrared (IR) laser pulse, plasmonic hotspots are generated owing to local surface plasmon resonance. Photoelectrons emitted from each plasmonic hotspot form a nanoscale and ultrashort electron pulse.

Study on the mechanism of enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation performance by extracellular electron acceptor biochar.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation process has the advantages of energy and cost reduction, therefore, it has been considered as one of the main alternatives to conventional biological denitrification process in recent years. Biochar has been applied in the anammox process for nitrogen removal efficiency. But, due to its extracellular electron transfer capacity and abundance of redox-specific functional groups, which served as extracellular electron acceptor to anaerobically oxidize NH is still controversy.

Separating Crystal Growth from Nucleation Enables the In Situ Controllable Synthesis of Nanocrystals for Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) display bright luminescence for light-emitting diode (LED) applications; however, they require post-synthesis ligand exchange that may cause surface degradation and defect formation. In situ-formed PNCs achieve improved surface passivation using a straightforward synthetic approach, but their LED performance at the green wavelength is not yet comparable with that of colloidal PNC devices. Here, it is found that the limitations of in situ-formed PNCs stem from uncontrolled formation kinetics: conventional surface ligands confine perovskite nuclei but fail to delay crystal growth.