How Has China Structured Its Ecological Governance Policy System?-A Case from Fujian Province.

Ecological civilization (EC) has been seen as the final goal of social and environmental reform within a given society. Much attention has been paid to the national governmental level in previous studies, and district- and local-level government actions have been a lower priority, which may have led to overlooking key details of management institutions and policy systems in relation to EC. In this research, we aimed to make a significant contribution to the literature by tracing the EC trajectory and policy transitions.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins attenuate apoptosis in ischemic stroke.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) has been reported to attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, which is associated with ischemic stroke. However, whether GSP pays crucial roles in ischemic stroke still remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of GSP in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Protect N2a Cells against Ischemic Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial-associated Pathways.

Background/objective: Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are a group of polyphenolic bioflavonoids, which possess a variety of biological functions and pharmacological properties. We studied the neuroprotective effects of GSP against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and the potential mechanisms in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells.

Methods: OGD/R was conducted in N2a cells.

TGF-β/Smads Signaling Affects Radiation Response and Prolongs Survival by Regulating DNA Repair Genes in Malignant Glioma.

To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the causal relationship between aberrant upregulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and radio-resistance in glioma. The mouse glioma cell GL261 was irradiated, and relative expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling genes was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting. The DNA repair response on exogenous TGF-β or LY2109761 was evaluated by quantification of diverse genes by real-time PCR and western blotting.

Human peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells with NTRK1 over-expression enhance repairing capability in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

The potency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue repair and regeneration is mainly based on their ability to secret beneficial molecules. Administration of MSCs has been proposed as an innovative approach and is proved by a number of clinical trials to a certain degree for the therapy of many diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the efficacy of MSCs alone is not significant.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system mimicking a cerebellar tumor.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), is a rare and poorly understood disease mainly characterized by multifocal segmental inflammation of the small and medium vessels of the central nervous system. Most PACNS are multiple lesions, occurring in the supratentorial subcortical and deep white matter, and only a few cases present as a tumor-like mass lesion. Herein, we describe an extremely rare case of PACNS occurred in the cerebellum, which mimicked a cerebellar tumor.

Effects of over-expression of HIF-1alpha in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on traumatic brain injury.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to play therapeutic effect in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To augment the therapeutic effect, MSCs could be engineered to over-express genes that are beneficial for treatment. In the present study, we over-expressed hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha in bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and sought to investigate whether HIF-1alpha could enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs in a mouse model of TBI.

Effects of over-expression of SOD2 in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on traumatic brain injury.

Intravenous administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been shown to promote nerve cell regeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the anti-oxidant defense systems in neuronal tissue including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) are crucial to defend cell against oxidative stress. We proposed a new stratege to increase the therapeutic effect of MSCs by preventing cells death from oxidative stress.

Posttraumatic Intradiploic Pseudomeningocele of the Occipito-Cervical Region.

Pseudomeningocele is a collection of the cerebrospinal fluid in the extradural space due to a defect in the dura-arachnoid layer of the meninge, and manifests as a fibrous capsule in the space of subcutaneous tissues. Classically, growing skull fracture caused by the pseudomeningocele is not uncommon in the pediatric age group. However, a posttraumatic intradiploic pseudomeningoceles is extremely rare, and only a few patients have been described.

Brain Abscess Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient With Pneumonia.

Brain abscess is a rare but potentially lethal infection of brain parenchyma, requiring prompt surgical intervention and high-dose antibiotic therapy. Brain abscess is a known complication of surgically treated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but it is exceptionally rare that it occurs at the same site of a nonoperated ICH. Such cases may result from hematogenous spread from distant foci (pneumonia, infectious endocarditis) or contiguous sites.

miR-15b Inhibits the Progression of Glioblastoma Cells Through Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor 1.

The microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as a tumor suppressor in recent years. miR-15b was reported to exert an anti-oncogenic role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diverse tumor cells. However, the mechanisms underlying miR-15b-mediated biology of glioblastoma are still unclear.

Surgically Clipping a Posterolaterally Projecting Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm With Anterior Petroclinoid Fold Fenestration.

The anterior petroclinoid fold (APF) is a ligamentous structure consisting of collagen fiber and extends from the petrous apex to the anterior clinoid process. During the surgical clipping of some posterolaterally projecting posterior communicating artery aneurysms, it may pose a technical challenge due to obscuration of the aneurismal neck by the APF. Herein, the authors describe a simple and effective technique utilizing fenestration of the APF to facilitate visualization and surgical clipping of these aneurysms.

A Primary Cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme Mimicking Vestibular Schwannoma.

Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme (cGBM) is rare in adults, accounting for <1% of all patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The accurate diagnosis of cGBM is important for establishing a suitable therapeutic schedule. However, the diagnosis of cerebellar GBM is not usually suspected preoperatively because of its rarity.

Dumbbell-Shaped Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma in the Thoracic Spine Mimicking Schwannoma.

Dumbbell-shaped epidural cavernous hemangiomas (CHs) are extremely rare, and they are easily misdiagnosed as spinal schwannomas. Herein, the authors report 1 rare case of dumbbell-shaped epidural CH in the thoracic spine. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of dumbbell-shaped epidural CHs in thoracic spine have been reported.

Primary Spinal Oligoastrocytoma.

Astrocytomas are the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumors in pediatric and adolescent patients and the incidence decreases with age. Spinal oligoastrocytoma, which is a mixed glioma with distinct astrocytic and oligodendroglial components, is an extremely rare pathology of the spinal cord. To authors' best of knowledge, there are only 7 spinal oligoastrocytomas reported in the English literature.

The Coexistence of Rathke Cleft Cyst and Pituitary Adenoma.

Both of Pituitary adenoma (PA) and Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) are the most common and benign sellar lesions. Generally, the origin of RCC is considered to be derived from remnants of Rathke punch, while PA is formed by proliferation of the anterior wall of Rathke pouch. Although they have a possibility to share a common embryological origin, the coexistence of PA and RCC is extremely rare.

MicroRNA-520b affects the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by directly targeting cyclin D1.

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of most common tumors in humans. However, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms of GBM are still unclear. It is known that microRNA-520b (miR-520b) participates in the development of various tumor progressions.

Rhamnetin attenuates cognitive deficit and inhibits hippocampal inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury.

Activation of the immune system in the central nervous system and oxidative stress play important roles in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced cognitive impairment. Rhamnetin possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of rhamnetin on cognitive deficit, hippocampal inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in rats with TBI.

Rapid Pore Cranial Drilling With External Ventricular Drainage for Treatment of Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A 36-Year Case Series.

This study aimed to describe the technique details of rapid pore cranial drilling with external ventricular drainage and document its clinical outcomes by highlighting the advantages over the traditional and modified cranial drilling technique. Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most severe subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality. The amount of blood in the ventricles is associated with severity of outcomes, and fast removal of the blood clot is the key to a good prognosis.

Duret hemorrhage after lumbar drainage.

Lumbar drainage (LD) is considered as a simple and effective procedure for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular involvement. However, cerebrospinal fluid overdrainage and hypovolemia due to LD could induce severe fatal complications, which include transtentorial herniation and infratentorial hemorrhage. Here, we describe a 63-year-old man with transtentorial herniations and Duret hemorrhage attributable to LD after the operation of thalamic hematoma removal.