Construction and validation of a synthetic phage-displayed nanobody library.

Nanobodies derived from camelids and sharks offer unique advantages in therapeutic applications due to their ability to bind to epitopes that were previously inaccessible. Traditional methods of nanobody development face challenges such as ethical concerns and antigen toxicity. Our study presents a synthetic, phagedisplayed nanobody library using trinucleotide-directed mutagenesis technology, which allows precise amino acid composition in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), with a focus on CDR3 diversity.

Monoclonal antibody Y01 prevents tauopathy progression induced by lysine 280-acetylated tau in cell and mouse models.

The spatiotemporal pattern of the spread of pathologically modified tau through brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be explained by prion-like cell-to-cell seeding and propagation of misfolded tau aggregates. Hence, to develop targeted therapeutic antibodies, it is important to identify the seeding- and propagation-competent tau species. The hexapeptide 275VQIINK280 of tau is a critical region for tau aggregation, and K280 is acetylated in various tauopathies, including AD.

Brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene is associated with low-temperature germinability in rice.

In rice, low-temperature germinability (LTG) is essential for stable stand establishment using the direct seeding method in temperate and high-altitude areas. Previously, we reported that the quantitative trait locus is associated with LTG. is also associated with tolerance to several abiotic stresses, such as salt and osmotic conditions.

A Novel Embryo Phenotype Associated With Interspecific Hybrid Weakness in Rice Is Controlled by the MADS-Domain Transcription Factor .

A novel hybrid weakness gene, , associated with a dark tip embryo (DTE) trait, was observed in CR6078, an introgression line derived from a cross between the spp. "Hwayeong" (HY) and the wild relative . CR6078 seeds exhibit protruding embryos and flowers have altered inner floral organs.

Natural variation in rice ascorbate peroxidase gene APX9 is associated with a yield-enhancing QTL cluster.

We previously identified a cluster of yield-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) including plant height in CR4379, a near-isogenic line from a cross between Oryza sativa spp. japonica cultivar 'Hwaseong' and the wild relative Oryza rufipogon. Map-based cloning and transgenic approaches revealed that APX9, which encodes an l-ascorbate peroxidase 4, is associated with this cluster.

Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Germination and Coleoptile Length under Low-Temperature Condition Using Introgression Lines Derived from an Interspecific Cross in Rice.

Previously, five putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for low-temperature germination (LTG) have been detected using 96 BCF lines derived from an interspecific cross between the Korean cultivar "Hwaseong" and . In the present study, two introgression lines, CR1517 and CR1518, were used as parents to detect additional QTLs and analyze interactions among QTLs for LTG. The F population (154 plants) along with parental lines, Hwaseong and , were evaluated for LTG and coleoptile length under low-temperature conditions (13 °C).

A RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Controls Chlorophyll Content and Dark-Induced Senescence in Rice.

Leaf senescence is the final stage of plant development. Many internal and external factors affect the senescence process in rice ( L.).

TLQP-21 mediated activation of microglial BV2 cells promotes clearance of extracellular fibril amyloid-β.

β-Amyloid (Aβ) plaque in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly caused by impaired clearance of Aβ by glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes. Because microglia play an important protective role in the central nervous system, many efforts have been made to identify agents that effectively improve microglial Aβ phagocytosis. This study found that TLQP-21, which is cleaved from VGF (VGF nerve growth factor inducible) precursor protein, enhanced Aβ phagocytosis and degradation by microglial BV2 cells.

Characterization of a New qLTG3-1 Allele for Low-temperature Germinability in Rice from the Wild Species Oryza rufipogon.

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is generally sensitive to low temperatures, and in production systems that use direct-seeding, low-temperature germinability (LTG) is a desired trait. Previously, the QTLs, qLTG1 and qLTG3, that control LTG, were mapped using the BCF population, which is a cross of Korean elite cultivar Hwaseong and O.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the quantitative trait locus gw8.1 associated with grain length in rice.

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) gw8.1 was detected in the population derived from a cross between the elite japonica cultivar, 'Hwaseong' and Oryza rufipogon (IRGC 105491). Near isogenic lines (NILs) harboring the O.

Vascular-specific activity of the Arabidopsis carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 gene promoter.

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are involved in the production of diverse apocarotenoids including phytohormones, the visual molecules and the aromatic volatile compounds derived from carotenoids. Here, we examined the spatial expression of four of the CCD genes (AtCcd1, 4, 7 and 8) among the nine members of this family in Arabidopsis by RT-PCR. We found that the AtCcd7 gene showed strong expression in seeds.