[Value of exercise challenge testing in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma in children].

Objectives: To investigate the value of exercise challenge testing (ECT) in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 78 children with chronic cough who were admitted between January 2023 and January 2024. ECT was performed, and clinical data were collected.

[Application of interrupter resistance pulmonary function testing in the diagnosis of asthma in preschool children: a single-center study].

Objectives: To investigate the value of interrupter resistance (Rint) pulmonary function testing in the diagnosis of asthma in preschool children, and to compare the significance of Rint pulmonary function testing versus impulse oscillometry (IOS) in the diagnosis of asthma.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 108 children with recurrent wheezing, aged 4 to <6 years, who were admitted from July 2022 to November 2023. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into an asthmatic group (61 children) and a non-asthmatic group (47 children).

Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years, representing a major global healthcare burden. There is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in children.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox in children: an experts' consensus statement.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease. Since the first human monkeypox case was detected in 1970, it has been prevalent in some countries in central and western Africa. Since May 2022, monkeypox cases have been reported in more than 96 non-endemic countries and regions worldwide.

[Role of peak expiratory flow in the assessment and management of asthma in children].

Peak expiratory flow (PEF) is a portable, reliable, and inexpensive method for lung function assessment. PEF can reflect expiratory airflow limitation and its variability can document reversibility, which provides an objective basis for the diagnosis of asthma in children. Short-term PEF monitoring can be an important aid in the management of acute asthma exacerbations, identification of possible triggers, and assessment of response to treatment.

[Correlation between bronchial dilation test and asthma control level in children with asthma].

Objective: To study the correlation between the bronchial dilation test (BDT) and asthma control level in children with asthma.

Methods: A total of 153 children with asthma, aged 5-14 years, who attended the outpatient service from March 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of atopic constitution, they were divided into an allergic group with 79 children and a non-allergic group with 74 children.

Bidirectional Association Between Asthma and Obesity During Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Co-occurrence of pediatric asthma and obesity has been widely reported, yet the causal directions between these two disorders are still not well-understood. The objective of this meta-analysis is to explore whether there is a possibility of a bidirectional association for these two disorders in children and adolescents. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched up to August 2020.

Updated diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children: experts' consensus statement (condensed version of the second edition).

In the early February, 2020, we called up an experts' committee with more than 30 Chinese experts from 11 national medical academic organizations to formulate the first edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, which has been published in this journal. With accumulated experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, we have updated the consensus statement and released the second edition recently. The current version in English is a condensed version of the second edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children.

Sirtuin 6 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and c-Jun in asthma models.

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease involving airway remodeling. The histone deacetylase sirtuin6 (SIRT6) has protective effects in cardiac and liver fibrosis; however, its role in airway remodeling is unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of SIRT6 in a rat model of airway remodeling and observed its effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells.

Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates airway inflammation by regulating Treg/Th17 imbalance in an asthmatic mouse model.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol that is found in green tea that has been shown to ameliorate airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized asthmatic mouse model. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of EGCG by regulating the regulatory T cell (Treg)/Th 17 cells balance in this model. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection.

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist decreases [Ca]i in airway smooth muscle cells by reducing the reverse-mode Na/Ca exchanger current.

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is involved in asthma airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]i) in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), ASMC contraction, and the effect on reverse-mode Na-Ca exchanger (NCX) currents in ASMCs. In our study, primary rat ASMCs were cultured.

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition).

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus (EV), and which is principally seen in children under 5 years of age. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treatments, to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management and to reduce the mortality of HFMD, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been developed.

Methods: National Health Commission of China assembled an expert committee for a revision of the guidelines.

Alleviating airway inflammation by inhibiting ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway by blocking Kv1.3 channels.

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The voltage-gated Kv1.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in a mouse model of asthma via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Asthma is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by airway inflammation, hyper-responsiveness and remodeling. Airway remodeling is irreversible by current antiasthmatic drugs, and it is the main cause of severe asthma. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) act as the main effector cells for airway remodeling; the proliferation and hypertrophy of which are involved in airway remodeling.

Shikonin alleviates allergic airway remodeling by inhibiting the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Shikonin is a naphthoquinone extracted from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and has been reported to suppress allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and need to be further elucidated. In this study, shikonin (0.

Effects of methylprednisolone or immunoglobulin when added to standard treatment with intravenous azithromycin for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

Background: The prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia has increased considerably in recent years. To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of azithromycin with intravenous immunoglo-bulin (IVIG) or methylprednisolone in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP).

Methods: Children with RMPP were randomly allocated to group A [intravenous azithromycin (IA)+ methylprednisolone], group B (IA+IVIG) or group C (IA alone).

[Effects of NK-1R inhibitor WIN62577 on the migration of airway smooth muscle cells in asthmatic rats with airway remodeling].

Objective: To study the changes in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in asthmatic rats with airway remodeling and the effect of NK-1R inhibitor WIN62577 on the migration of ASMC.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups: airway remodeling induced by asthma and normal control. ASMC from rats with asthma and airway remodeling induced by ovalbumin (OVA) inhalation for 8 weeks were primary cultured and purified.

[Diagnostic values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma in children].

Objective: To study the diagnostic values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for typical bronchial asthma and cough variant asthma in children, and to explore whether FeNO can be applied to differentiate typical bronchial asthma from cough variant asthma in children.

Methods: A total of 150 children who were newly diagnosed with typical bronchial asthma between June 2012 and June 2014, as well as 120 children who were newly diagnosed with cough variant asthma during the same period, were selected as subjects. FeNO measurement, spirometry, and methacholine provocation test were performed for both groups.

[Expression of leptin and its receptor in lungs of asthmatic BALB/c mice and effect of budesonide on their expression].

Objective: To determine the changes in the expression of leptin and its receptor in the lungs of mice with varying degrees of asthma before and after budesonide treatment.

Methods: Forty Balb/c mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 animals in each. One group received no treatment (control group) and the other groups were challenged with either nebulized ovalbumin (OVA) for three days (3-day group) or seven days (7-day group), or with nebulized ovalbumin followed by budesonide administration (treatment group).

[Effect of dexamethasone on osteopontin expression in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice].

Objective: To study the correlation between airway inflammation and osteopontin (OPN) level in the lung tissue, and to study the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on OPN expression.

Methods: Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control, ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthma groups (OVA inhalation for 1 week or 2 weeks) and DXM-treated asthma groups (DXM treatment for 1 week or 2 weeks). The mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to prepare mouse model of acute asthma.

Ultrastructural changes in rat airway epithelium in asthmatic airway remodeling.

Objectives: To explore asthmatic rat airway epithelial cells mitochondrial ultrastructure changes.

Methods: Six female Wistar rats of the same weight (60-80 g) were randomly divided into two groups: the asthmatic group and the control group. According to the OVA inhaled method, the asthmatic airway remodeling rat model was established.