Regional variation of medical expenditures attributable to hypertension in China's middle-aged and elderly population.

Background: Hypertension is a prevalent and costly health condition in China. Little is known about variation of the inpatient and outpatient expenditures attributable to hypertension between prefecture-level administrative regions (PARs) and the drivers of such variation among China's middle-aged and elderly population.

Methods: We obtain data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey between 2011 and 2015, panel tobit models were used in our study to estimate differences across 122 PARs.

The impact of increasing expenditure on National Essential Public Health Services on the medical costs of hypertension in China: A difference-in-difference analysis.

Background: The prevention and control of hypertension should be an effective way to reduce deaths and it has been a high priority in China. In 2013, the Chinese government increased the subsidy standard for the National Essential Public Health Services Package (NEPHSP) from RMB 15 to RMB 30 per person, which was expected to cover 70 million hypertensions. This study explored the influence of increasing NEPHSP subsidy on outpatient and inpatient expenditure among patients with hypertension.

Incidence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population: a dynamic cohort study.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a common condition often associated with an ageing population. However, only few longitudinal studies in China have investigated the incidence of diabetes and identified its risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of diabetes in Chinese people aged ≥45 years using the harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data.

Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and bioceramics on macrophage differentiation and polarization in vitro.

Background/purpose: Mineral trioxide aggregate (Pro-Root MTA, PR-MTA) and bioceramics (iRoot SP Injectable Root Canal Sealer, iR-BC) are used for making apical plugs used in apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, and treating internal root resorption. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to compare the biological effects of PR-MTA- and iR-BC-based dental sealers in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.