Research progress on the relationship between traumatic brain injury and brain-gut-microbial axis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disease with a high rate of death and disability, which poses a serious threat to human health; thus, the effective treatment of TBI has been a high priority. The brain-gut-microbial (BGM) axis, as a bidirectional communication network for information exchange between the brain and gut, plays a crucial role in neurological diseases. This article comprehensively explores the interrelationship between the BGM axis and TBI, including its physiological effects, basic pathophysiology, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Eight-Electron Superatomic Cu Nanocluster with Chiral Kernel and NIR-II Emission.

Owing to the inherent instability caused by the low Cu(I)/Cu(0) half-cell reduction potential, Cu(0)-containing copper nanoclusters are quite uncommon in comparison to their Ag and Au congeners. Here, a novel eight-electron superatomic copper nanocluster [Cu(4-MeO-PhC≡C)(dppe)](ClO) (, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) is presented with total structural characterization. The structural determination reveals that features an inherent chiral metal core arising from the helical arrangement of two sets of three Cu units encircling the icosahedral Cu core, which is further shielded by 4-MeO-PhC≡C and dppe ligands.

Discovery of perturbation gene targets via free text metadata mining in Gene Expression Omnibus.

There exists over 2.5 million publicly available gene expression samples across 101,000 data series in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Due to the lack of the use of standardised ontology terms in GEO's free text metadata to annotate the experimental type and sample type, this database remains difficult to harness computationally without significant manual intervention.

Interleukin‑10 promotes primary rat hepatic stellate cell senescence by upregulating the expression levels of p53 and p21.

Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a primary source of ECM. Several studies have revealed that the induction of HSC senescence may reduce liver fibrosis. The effect of interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) on the senescence of activated HSCs is not fully understood.

Viral Etiology Relationship between Human Papillomavirus and Human Breast Cancer and Target of Gene Therapy.

Objective: To explore the viral etiology of human breast cancer to determine whether there are novel molecular targets for gene therapy of breast cancer and provide evidence for the research of gene therapy and vaccine development for breast cancer.

Methods: PCR was used to screen HPV16 and HPV18 oncogenes E6 and E7 in the SKBR3 cell line and in 76 paraffin embedded breast cancer tissue samples. RNA interference was used to knock down the expression of HPV18 E6 and E7 in SKBR3 cells, then the changes in the expression of cell-cycle related proteins, cell viability, colony formation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression were determined.

Hydrodynamics-based transfection of rat interleukin-10 gene attenuates porcine serum-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Liver fibrosis is the common pathological outcome for the majority of chronic liver diseases. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that downregulates proinflammatory responses and has a modulatory effect on liver fibrogenesis. However, little is known regarding the effect of rat interleukin‑10 (rIL‑10) gene by hydrodynamics-based transfection (HBT) on liver fibrosis in rats.

Clinicopathologic spectrum and EBV status of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are serious, life-threatening complications of solid-organ transplantation (SOT) and bone marrow transplantation, and are associated with high mortality. PTLDs represent a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases, which show a spectrum of clinical, morphologic, and molecular genetic features ranging from reactive polyclonal lesions to frank lymphomas. We describe clinicopathologic features of 17 cases of PTLD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), which were analyzed by in situ hybridization for EBV and a panel of antibodies directed against numerous antigens, including CD20, PAX5, CD3, bcl-6, CD10, MUM-1/IRF4, CD138, Kappa, Lambda, CD30, CD15, and Ki67.

Interleukin-10 gene modification attenuates hepatocyte activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a key role in the progression of liver fibrosis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potential anti-fibrosis cytokine, has an unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile, which limits its clinical applications. A liver-targeting gene delivery system may maintain a longer-lasting concentration in hepatic tissue with fewer side‑effects in non-target tissues.

[Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of urinary system: a clinicopathologic analysis of 21 cases].

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) occurring in the urinary system.

Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 21 cases of PEComa from September 2002 to September 2010 occurring in the urinary system were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical study for HMB 45, S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, desmin, Melan A and Ki-67 was carried out.

[Morphologic changes of fallopian tubal epithelium in ovarian serous tumors].

Objectives: To study the morphologic changes of fallopian tubal epithelium in patients with ovarian serous epithelial tumors and to explore the relationship between the tubal epithelial changes and tumorigenesis of serous ovarian carcinoma.

Methods: The fallopian tubes in 79 cases of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, 12 cases of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, 16 cases of serous borderline ovarian tumor and 11 cases of non-ovarian benign tumors were serially examined under light microscope. Immunohistochemical study with EnVision method was used to detect the expression of p53 and bcl-2 protein in the fallopian tubal epithelium in all cases.

[Expression and promotor methylation of p73 gene in ovarian epithelial tumors].

Objective: To investigate the expression and promoter methylation status of p73 gene in ovarian epithelial tumors and their clinicopathological correlations.

Methods: Tissue microarrays (TMA) consisting of 68 ovarian cancers, 37 ovarian borderline tumors and 21 ovarian benign tumors were constructed. p73 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (EnVision method).

[Immunohistochemistry of p57 and p53 protein in differential diagnosis of hydropic abortion, partial and complete hydatidiform mole].

Objective: To investigate the role of p57 and p53 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of hydropic abortion, partial hydatidiform mole and complete hydatidiform mole.

Methods: Immunohistochemical stains (EnVision method) for p57 and p53 were performed in tissue samples of normal placenta chorionic villi (n=10), abortion chorionic villi (n=12), partial hydatidiform (n=23) and complete hydatidiform moles (n=20).

Results: The expression of p57 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of villous cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells.

A new cerebral hemorrhage model in cynomolgus macaques created by injection of autologous anticoagulated blood into the brain.

The aim of this study was to establish and validate a clinically relevant model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) via injection of autologous blood into the brains of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Eight male cynomolgus macaques received 1.5 mL of fresh anticoagulated autologous femoral artery blood into the inner side of the claustrum near the right basal ganglia under stereotactic guidance.

[The effect of IL-10 on proliferation of primary cultured hepatocytes].

Aim: To investigate the effect of IL-10 on proliferation of rat primary cultured hepatocytes.

Methods: Rat hepatocytes were isolated from rat liver by in situ digestion of collagenase IV and cryopreserved, resuscitated, cultured in vitro. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to characterize the purity of hepatocytes and analyze IL-10/IL10Ralpha mRNA from freshly isolated cells.

[Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid containing rat interleukin-10 gene and its expression in BRL cells in vitro].

Aim: To construct eukaryotic expression vector of rat IL-10 gene and observe its expression in hepatocyte cell line BRL.

Methods: Total RNA was extracted from rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The full length coding region of IL-10 was amplified by RT- nested PCR and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.

Antifibrotic effects of interleukin-10 on experimental hepatic fibrosis.

Background/aims: To study the effects of interleukin-10 on hepatic stellate cells and liver tissue in experimental rats hepatic fibrosis.

Methodology: Rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride was established. Liver tissues were harvested from the rats administered CCl4 with or without IL-10 treatment and the animals of the control group.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic stellate cells during rat hepatic fibrosis and its intervention by IL-10.

Aim: To investigate the expression of matrix metallopr-oteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic fibrosis and the antifibrogenic role of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl(4) administration and 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group N, 8 rats), CCl(4)-induced group (group C, 28 rats) and IL-10-treated group (group I, 24 rats). At the beginning of the 7(th) and 11(th) wk, rats in each group were routinely perfused with pronase E and type IV collagenase through portal vein catheter and the suspension was centrifuged by 11% Nycodenz density gradient to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-10 on Fas/Fas-ligand and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expression in rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro.

Aim: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on Fas/Fas-ligand and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA expressions in rat hepatic stellate cells.

Methods: Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and purified from rat liver by in situ digestion of collagenase and pronase and single-step density Nycodenz gradient. After activated by culture in vitro, HSCs were divided into 4 groups and treated with nothing (group N), PDGF (group P), IL-10 (group I) and PDGF in combination with IL-10 (group C), respectively.

Effect of interleukin-10 and platelet-derived growth factor on expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in rat fibrotic liver and cultured hepatic stellate cells.

Aim: To examine the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in rat fibrotic liver and in normal rat hepatic stellate cells, and to investigate the changes in their expressions in response to treatment with interleukin-10 (IL-10) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).

Methods: Rat models of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis were established and the liver tissues were sampled from the rats with or without IL-10 treatment, and also from the control rats. The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissues were detected by S-P immunohistochemistry, and their expression intensities were evaluated in different groups.

Overexpression of HBxAg in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with Fas/FasL system.

Aim: To study the expression and serum level of HBxAg, Fas and FasL in tissues of HCC patients, and to assess the relationship between HBxAg and Fas/FasL system.

Methods: Tissues from 50 patients with HCC were tested for the expression of HBxAg, Fas and FasL by S-P immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of sFas/sFasL and HBsAg/HBeAg were measured by ELISA assay.

Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and its intervention by interleukin-10 in experimental hepatic fibrosis.

Aim: To study the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and its intervention by interleukin-10 in the course of experimental hepatic fibrosis.

Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride intoxication and liver specimens were taken from the rats administered CCl4 with or without IL-10 treatment and the animals of the control group. Immunoreactivities for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor(IGF-1R) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and their intensities were evaluated in different animal groups.