Comparison of S-ketamine and midazolam for intravenous preoperative sedative and anxiolytic effects in preschool children: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Preoperative anxiety management is gaining particular attention in paediatric anaesthesia. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological resorts can be implemented to address this special issue. Despite the various approaches currently used for preoperative sedation in children, the different sedative and anti-anxiety effects between the newly marketed anaesthetic, S-ketamine, and the traditional sedative, midazolam, are still unclear.

Single-injection serratus anterior plane block for cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has gained popularity in cardiothoracic surgery due to its feasibility and simplicity. However, the efficacy of ultrasound-guided single-injection SAPB in the paediatric population has not been well evaluated, as only a few studies with small sample sizes are available.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to 31 September 2022 for randomised comparative clinical trials that compared single-injection SAPB with systemic analgesia or different forms of regional analgesia in children.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ciprofol emulsion in Chinese subjects: a single center, open-label, single-arm dose-escalation phase 1 study.

We conducted a single-center, single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the tolerability of a single intravenous injection of ciprofol emulsion for the induction of short-term general anesthesia. Four doses of ciprofol (0.15 mg/kg, n = 2; 0.

Dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 Combination Therapy Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating the ERK5/MEF2A Pathway to Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia Injury.

The complexity of hard-to-treat diseases such as ischemic stroke strongly undermines the therapeutic potential of available treatment options. Therefore, current developments have gently shifted from a focus on monotherapy to combined or multiple therapies. Both dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 have anti-neuronal apoptosis effects, but the mechanism is still unclear.

Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Mediated Transdermal Lidocaine and Capsaicin Delivery for the Treatment of Allodynia Caused by Herpes Zoster.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for allodynia caused by herpes zoster.

Design: Unblinded randomized controlled study with two treatment groups and an additional control group.

Subjects: Patients hospitalized with allodynia caused by herpes zoster were enrolled.

The Critical Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in URB602-Induced Protective Effects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and even induces remote organ damage. Accumulating proofs demonstrates that the endocannabinoid system may provide a promising access for treatment strategy of renal IRI associated AKI. In the current study, using the established renal IRI model of rat, we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment of URB602, 30 min before renal IRI, alleviates kidney injury and relevant distant organ damage via limiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Astrocyte morphology: Diversity, plasticity, and role in neurological diseases.

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in synaptic, circuit, and behavioral functions. The well-developed protoplasmic astrocytes contain numerous processes forming well-delineated bushy territories that overlap by as little as 5% at their boundaries. This highly complex morphology, with up to approximately 80% of the cell's membrane constituted by fine processes with dimensions on the tens of nanometer scale and high surface area to volume ratios, comes in contact with synapses, blood vessels, and other glial cells.

The Effects of Safflower Yellow on Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of safflower yellow in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 127 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups. The control group included 64 patients treated according to the global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD (www.

Statistical Analysis Plan for "An international multicenter study of isoelectric electroencephalography events in infants and young children during anesthesia for surgery".

This Statistical Analysis Plan details the statistical procedures to be applied for the analysis of data for the multicenter electroencephalography study. It consists of a basic description of the study in broad terms and separate sections that detail the methods of different aspects of the statistical analysis, summarized under the following headings (a) Background; (b) Definitions of protocol violations; (c) Definitions of objectives and other terms; (d) Variables for analyses; (e) Handling of missing data and study bias; (f) Statistical analysis of the primary and secondary study outcomes; (g) Reporting of study results; and (h) References. It serves as a template for researchers interested in writing a Statistical Analysis Plan.

Postoperative behavioral changes in Chinese children undergoing hypospadias repair surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The perioperative period can be psychologically challenging, and children may exhibit behavioral changes following surgical anesthesia. It is unknown whether children in China have additional risk factors associated with negative behavioral changes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of behavioral changes in children after hypospadias repair surgery and to identify potential risk factors associated with negative behavioral changes.

A comparison of exposure of Glottis using the Airtraq or the Macintosh Laryngoscope in Potentially difficult airway management: A self-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To compare glottis exposure of the same patients with potentially difficult tracheal intubation (PDTI) subjected to Airtraq laryngoscopy and Macintosh laryngoscopy under consciousness and topical anesthesia.

Methods: A total of 147 PDTI patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III were subjected to Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopy performed by experienced anesthesiologists under consciousness and topical anesthesia.

Results: All patients were successfully intubated.

Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Approach for Management of Patients with Potential Difficult Mask Ventilation and Tracheal Intubation: A Multi-center Randomized Trial.

Background:: Patients with potential difficult mask ventilation (DV) and difficult intubation (DI) are often managed with awake intubation, which can be stressful for patients and anesthesiologists. This prospective randomized study evaluated a new approach, fast difficult airway evaluation (FDAE). We hypothesized that the FDAE approach would reduce the need for awake intubation.

Characterization of PD-L1 expression in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients with PTEN expression as a means for tissue quality screening.

The goal of this study is to evaluate PD-L1 prevalence and its association with major clinical characteristics in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to inform the clinical development of anti-PD1/PD-L1 agents in this population. We used phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression through IHC as a surrogate tissue quality marker to screen surgical NSCLC samples in tissue microarray (TMA; 172 cases) or whole-section (268 cases) format. The samples were then analyzed with a clinically validated PD-L1 IHC assay.

The pre-amputation pain and the postoperative deafferentation are the risk factors of phantom limb pain: a clinical survey in a sample of Chinese population.

Background: To provide an overview of phantom limb pain (PLP) in China. This includes the prevalence of PLP and possible risk factors.

Methods: In a retrospective study, telephone interviews were conducted with 391 amputation patients who underwent extremity amputations at a tertiary hospital in China.

Mechanisms of PDGF siRNA-mediated inhibition of bone cancer pain in the spinal cord.

Patients with tumors that metastasize to bone frequently suffer from debilitating pain, and effective therapies for treating bone cancer are lacking. This study employed a novel strategy in which herpes simplex virus (HSV) carrying a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was used to alleviate bone cancer pain. HSV carrying PDGF siRNA was established and intrathecally injected into the cavum subarachnoidale of animals suffering from bone cancer pain and animals in the negative group.

Propofol administration improves neurological function associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult rats after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Neurological deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) result in dramatic impacts on the survivors, but the effect of propofol and associated mechanism are waiting to be determined.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into Sham, TBI, TBI+Intralipid and TBI+Propofol group. Modified Feeney method was adopted to generate TBI model from free hammer fall injury, and animals in TBI+Propofol group were immediately treated with propofol administration for 2hours after TBI, rats after TBI without propofol treatment was used as injury control, intralipid as vehicle in propofol was injected in TBI+intralipid group.

Effects of Safflower Yellow on the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective. To evaluate the clinical effect of safflower yellow on the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods.

Nerve Blockage Attenuates Postoperative Inflammation in Hippocampus of Young Rat Model with Surgical Trauma.

It is hypothesized that central nervous system inflammation induced by systematic inflammation due to surgical trauma plays a critical role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The potential inhibitory effect of nerve blockage with local anesthetics on peripheral inflammatory response has been reported. We hypothesize that nerve blockage may be effective in reducing postoperative inflammation and cognitive decline.

Comparison of Incidence of hypoxia during modified rapid sequence induction and an alternative technique: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: We evaluated the effects and safety of an alternative technique for rapid sequence intubation in children predicting to have high risk of pulmonary aspiration in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Methods: One hundred sixty-five children predicting to have high risk of pulmonary aspiration were randomly allocated to spontaneous breathing maintained induction and intubation group (Group S) and the modified rapid sequence group (Group C). The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia around the intubation period, which was defined as SpO2<90% at any time during the induction and 10 min after the endotracheal intubation.

Validation of the Chinese Version of the Quality of Recovery-15 Score and Its Comparison with the Post-Operative Quality Recovery Scale.

Background: The Quality of Recovery-15 scale (QoR-15) is an easy-to-use score for assessing the quality of post-operative recovery.

Objectives: The primary aim of the present study was to translate the QoR-15 into the Chinese language and validate it. The secondary aim was to compare it with the Post-operative Quality Recovery Scale (PQRS).

Nerve injury-related autoimmunity activation leads to chronic inflammation and chronic neuropathic pain.

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries that provoke neuropathic pain are associated with chronic inflammation and nervous lesions. The authors hypothesized that chronic neuropathic pain might be caused by chronic inflammation resulting from a nervous autoimmune reaction triggered by nerve injury.

Methods: The authors observed chronic inflammation and neuropathic behaviors for up to 12 weeks after nerve injury in T lymphocyte-deficient nude mice and their heterozygous littermates.