The role of metal ions in stroke: Current evidence and future perspectives.

Metal ions play a pivotal role in maintaining optimal brain function within the human body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of these ions can result in irregularities that lead to brain damage and dysfunction. Disruptions of metal ion homeostasis can result in various pathologies, including inflammation, redox dysregulation, and blood-brain barrier disruption.

Koidz Alleviates Symptoms in Zymosan-Induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Model through TRPV1, NaV1.5, and NaV1.7 Channel Modulation.

(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Koidz (AMK) is known as one of the traditional medicines that shows a good efficacy in the GI tract. (2) Methods: We investigated the effect of AMK in a network pharmacology and zymosan-induced IBS animal model.

Antidepressant-like Effects of Chinese Quince () Fruit Based on In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies.

In this study, we examined the potential antidepressant-like effects of Chinese quince fruit extract ( fruit extract, CSFE) in an in vivo model induced by repeated injection of corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression. HPLC analysis determined that chlorogenic acid (CGA), neo-chlorogenic acid (neo-CGA), and rutin (RT) compounds were major constituents in CSFE. Male ICR mice (5 weeks old) were orally administered various doses (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) of CSFE and selegiline (10 mg/kg), a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, as a positive control following daily intraperitoneal injections of CORT (40 mg/kg) for 21 days.

Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Koidz against Human Gastric Cancer.

Koidz (AMK) is a traditional herbal medicine used for thousands of years in East Asia to improve a variety of illnesses and conditions, including cancers. This study explored the effect of AMK extract on apoptosis and tumor-grafted mice using AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. We investigated the compounds, target genes, and associated diseases of AMK using the Traditional Chinese Medical Systems Pharmacy (TCMSP) database platform.

Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications.

Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation.

3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid attenuates microglial activation-mediated inflammatory pain by enhancing autophagy through the suppression of MCP3/JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

Microglial activation in the spinal cord contributes to the development of inflammatory pain. Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3) can induce microglial activation, resulting in increased pain sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) has shown protective effects against inflammation-related diseases, but the effect of 3,5-DCQA on microglial activation and inflammatory pain is not evaluated.

Effects of black garlic on the pacemaker potentials of interstitial cells of Cajal in murine small intestine and on gastrointestinal motility .

Black garlic (BG) is a newly explored food stuff obtained via fermentation of raw, healthy garlic, especially in Asian countries. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BG extract on the pacemaker potentials of the ICC in the small intestines of mice and the possibility of controlling GI motility.

The Antinociceptive Potential of Leaf Extract, (-)-Epicatechin, and Rutin against Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Currently, prescribed treatments are still unsatisfactory or have limited effectiveness. leaves are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Extract Affects AGS Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Apoptosis.

The anti-cancer effects of extracts (ACE) were identified in AGS gastric cancer cells. Our results showed that ACE inhibited the growth of AGS cells, increased the proportion of sub-G1 phase cells, and depolarized the membrane potential of mitochondria. ACE-induced gastric cancer cell death was associated with Bcl-2, survivin and Bax level changes, and it activated caspase-3 and -9.

induces depolarization of pacemaker potentials in murine small intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal via extracellular Ca and Na influx.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that control smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of (SM) on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs from the mouse small intestine and on GI motility . The whole‑cell patch‑clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potential in ICCs , and GI motility was investigated by recording intestinal transit rate (ITR).

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Asian Fawn Lily () Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice.

Neuroinflammation is associated with an increased risk of depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment is known to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and a depressive-like phenotype in mice. Although exhibits various health benefits, the role of extract (EJE) in inflammation-associated depression is unknown.

Dicaffeoylquinic acids alleviate memory loss via reduction of oxidative stress in stress-hormone-induced depressive mice.

Chronic stress can lead to depression due to elevated levels of stress hormones such as glucocorticoid. This is accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain, which can cause dendritic spine loss and atrophy in neurons, followed by memory loss. Dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant compounds in Arctium lappa extracts (AL).

Imipramine Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells via AKT-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Imipramine (IMI) is a tricyclic synthetic antidepressant that is used to treat chronic psychiatric disorders, including depression and neuropathic pain. IMI also has inhibitory effects against various cancer types, including prostate cancer; however, the mechanism of its anticancer activity is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the antimetastatic and anti-invasive effects of IMI in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells, with an emphasis on the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Alleviates Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting MAPK Activation and by Suppressing NF-κB Activation via ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation influences the development of inflammatory pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of aqueous extract (EJE) in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. EJE was found to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells.

The Effect of YT1 (MENOLACTO) on Improving Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

This study evaluated the efficacy of YT1 (MENOLACTO) for alleviating menopausal symptoms. This study was a multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving female subjects (ages: 40-60 years) with menopausal symptoms and a Kupperman index (KMI) score ≥ 20. Subjects were administered 1 × 10 CFU/day MENOLACTO or placebo, with the primary endpoint being total KMI score, and the effect of secondary endpoints on alleviating menopausal symptoms according to individual categories of the modified KMI, as well as a quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL questionnaire).

Suppressive Effect of L. Leaves on Retinal Damage Against A2E-Induced ARPE-19 Cells and Mice.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible loss of vision with 80-90% of patients demonstrating dry type AMD. Dry AMD could possibly be prevented by polyphenol-rich medicinal foods by the inhibition of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E)-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. (AL) leaves are medicinal and have antioxidant activity.

Memory-enhancing effects of Ishige foliacea extract: In vitro and in vivo study.

Ishige foliacea is used as a functional food in East-Asian countries. We evaluated the memory-enhancing effect of an ethanol extract of I. foliacea (EEI) using in vitro and in vivo models.

Administration of Asian Herb Bennet () Extract Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mouse Model of Depression Induced by Corticosterone.

, commonly known as Asian herb bennet, has been used as a diuretic, astringent, anti-dizziness, and anti-headache agent in traditional medicine. Since the antidepressant-like effects of extract have not been well studied, we examined the antidepressant-like effects of extract using depressive-like behavior induced in mice through daily injection of corticosterone (CORT). ICR mice (male, 8 weeks old) were treated with CORT (40 mg/kg, i.

Wolf Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis through Regulation of Lipid Metabolism, Inhibition of ER Stress, and Activation of Autophagy via AMPK Activation.

Wolf (PCW) is an edible, pharmaceutical mushroom with remarkable biological properties including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-ageing, and anti-diabetic effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of PCW extract on hepatic steatosis under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In this study, a mixture of HepG2 cells treated with free fatty acid (FFA)-palmitic and oleic acid-and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice were used; in this background, the triglyceride (TG) levels in HepG2 cells and mice liver were measured, and the expression levels of genes associated with lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy were determined.

Analgesic Effects of Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models.

, widely cultivated in East Asia, has been reported to exhibit pharmacological efficacy in various disorders. However, little has been reported on its role as a pain killer. In this study, we reveal that the extract (COE) has great efficacy as a novel analgesic in various pain models.

Radix Sophorae Flavescentis inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of AGS human gastric cancer cells.

Traditional herbal medicines are being increasingly used worldwide to treat cancer. Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (RSF) is a Chinese herb, which has numerous pharmacological properties, including anti‑tumour effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying RSF‑induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells (AGS cells).