Parathyroid-on-a-chip simulating parathyroid hormone secretion in response to calcium concentration.

The parathyroid gland is an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in blood serum through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Hypoparathyroidism is a chronic disease that can occur due to parathyroid defects, but due to the difficulty of creating animal models of this disease or obtaining human normal parathyroid cells, the evaluation of parathyroid functionality for drug development is limited. Although parathyroid-like cells that secrete PTH have recently been reported, their functionality may be overestimated using traditional culture methods that lack similarities, particularly vascularization.

A Rat Model for Oral Mucositis Induced by a Single Administration of 5-Fluorouracil.

Background/aim: This study aimed to develop a reliable chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) rat model by intraperitoneally administering a single dosage of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with a chemical stimulus.

Materials And Methods: The 5-FU dosage for CIOM development was determined by the survival rate of rats administrated 160 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 240 mg/kg of 5-FU. Thirty rats were assigned to normal control (NC) and three experimental groups: i) ulcer formation without 5-FU administration (PBS/U+), ii) 5-FU administration without ulcer formation (5-FU/U-), and iii) ulcer formation after 5-FU administration (5-FU/U+).

Changes in the Laryngeal Mucosa After Thyroid Surgery: A Rat Model.

Background/aim: Thyroidectomy can cause various airway symptoms affecting the quality of life. We investigated the changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and markers for inflammation and microcirculation of laryngeal mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into control and three surgical groups based on the extent of surgeries, 1) flap elevation (FE) group, 2) thyroid and trachea exposure (TE) group, and 3) thyroid isthmectomy (TI) group.

Restoration of Homeostasis in the Tracheal Mucosa After Thyroid Surgery in a Rat Model.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the process of homeostatic restoration in the tracheal mucosa (TM) after thyroid surgery.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four rats were divided into normal controls (NC) and three experimental groups: (i) flap elevation (FE), (ii) thyroid exposure (TE), and (iii) thyroid isthmusectomy (TI). Expression of mRNA and proteins of key factors regulating homeostasis were evaluated in the TM obtained 3, 7, and 21 days after thyroid surgery.

Ultrasound Echogenicity of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Is Affected by Tumor Growth Patterns and Tumor Fibrosis.

Background/aim: The association between preoperative ultrasound (US) echogenicity and histopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been rarely investigated is not well characterized. This study evaluated a relationship between the clinical characteristics of PTC, histopathological phenomena including tumor growth patterns (TGPs) and tumor fibrosis (TF), and US echogenicity.

Patients And Methods: In total, 170 patients with PTC (<2 cm) underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection.

Effects of allergic rhinitis on the progression and recovery of acute otitis media in a mouse model.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of allergic rhinitis (AR) on the development, progression, and recovery of acute otitis media (OM) in an animal model and investigate the secondary effects of bacterial infection.

Methods: BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: AR + OM, AR, OM, and control groups. AR + OM and AR groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum and then challenged intranasally with OVA.

A New Therapeutic Approach Using a Calcilytic (AXT914) for Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism in Female Rats.

Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication of thyroid surgery. Conventional therapy with high-dose calcium and vitamin D can correct hypocalcemia but can increase the risk of hypercalciuria, renal stones, or ectopic calcification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, also called a calcilytic (AXT914), in rat models of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies.

Methods: We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated.

Chemically or surgically induced thyroid dysfunction altered gut microbiota in rat models.

Thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolic processes. However, the relationship between thyroid function and host gut microbial communities is not properly understood. To determine whether and how gut microbiota is associated with thyroid function, metagenomics analysis of the bacterial population in fecal samples of rat models of hyperthyroidism (induced by levothyroxine) and hypothyroidism (induced by propylthiouracil or thyroidectomy) was conducted through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Changes in Tracheal Respiratory Mucosa After Thyroidectomy: A Rat Model.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate changes in the tracheal mucosa after thyroidectomy, that can be a cause of post-thyroidectomy discomfort.

Materials And Methods: Forty rats were divided into normal controls and 3 surgical groups: (i) thyroid isthmectomy with cauterization, (ii) isthmectomy by a cold instrument without hemostasis, and (iii) sham (exposure of the trachea and thyroid gland without thyroidectomy by dissection through pretracheal fascia). Animals were euthanized at 1 and 4 weeks.

Effects of Amniotic Membrane Extract on the Hyperplastic Response of the Middle Ear Mucosa in a Bacterially-Induced Otitis Media Rat Model: A Preliminary Study.

Objectives: Human amniotic membrane extract (AME) is known to contain numerous bioactive factors and anti-inflammatory substances. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of AME on the middle ear (ME) mucosa are unclear. This study assessed the effects of AME on the growth of the ME mucosa in response to bacterially-induced otitis media (OM).

Prediction of anterior commissure exposure of vocal folds prior to laryngeal microscopic surgery: Parameters reflecting occipito-atlanto-axial complex extension capacity.

Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to identify preoperative predictors of unstable exposure of vocal folds with focus on the anterior commissure (AC) prior to Laryngeal Microscopic Surgery.

Methods And Materials: Patients were classified into four groups based on the degree of AC exposure during Laryngeal Microscopic Surgery, and for the analysis, these groups were subdivided into unstable exposure and stable exposure subgroups depending on whether external manipulation was required to achieve AC exposure. Correlation of the degree of AC exposure with demographics, physical measurements, and anatomical measurements taken using landmarks in simple radiograph were evaluated.

A comparison of single-dose and multiple divided daily-dose oral steroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Introduction: Glucocorticoids are considered the first-line therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. But there is currently no consensus on administering them as a single dose versus multiple divided daily doses.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the treatment outcome of sudden sensorineural hearing loss between a single-dose and multiple divided daily doses of steroid treatment.

Expression of surfactant Protein-A in the Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model.

The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in the middle ear (ME) mucosa in response to bacterial infection in a rat model. Otitis media (OM) was induced by surgical inoculation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) into the ME cavity of Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into an NTHi-induced OM group and a phosphate-buffered saline-injected control group.

Effects of excessive fibrin deposit and polylactide adhesion barrier on wound healing in thyroidectomy murine wound model.

Background: We hypothesize that excessive fibrin formation and inflammation induced by antiadhesive material, SurgiWrap (SW), would have an adverse effect on wound healing. It was evaluated by a thyroidectomy murine wound model.

Methods: Excessive fibrin formation was induced by isthmectomy without hemostasis.

HIF1α in Tumorigenesis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

Background: Tumor hypoxia induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), which can influence tumorigenesis and metastasis. We evaluated the expression of HIF1α and the effect of HIF1α inhibitors in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).

Materials And Methods: HIF1α expression was demonstrated in ACC cell lines (ACC2 and ACCM).

Role of group 3 innate lymphoid cells during experimental otitis media in a rat model.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the middle ear (ME) mucosal response to bacterial infection in a rat model. To confirm the role of ILC3 in bacterially induced otitis media (OM), the serum concentrations of IL-17 and IL-22 were determined by ELISA, and the tissue expression of IL-17 and IL-22 in infected ME mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining of specific cell surface markers was also assessed to confirm the origin of the cells expressing IL-17 and IL-22.

Enhanced mucosal healing with curcumin in animal oral ulcer model.

Objectives/hypothesis: Oral ulcers are very common and can compromise the quality of life of patients with pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate mucosal healing with curcumin in an animal oral ulcer model.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Differential expression levels of plasma-derived miR-146b and miR-155 in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Specific circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in each organ may contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis in some cancers. miRNA from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) may be released into the bloodstream. This study was performed to detect miRNAs in the plasma and estimate their diagnostic usefulness for discriminating between benign and malignant lesions.

Ultrasonographic findings relating to lymph node metastasis in single micropapillary thyroid cancer.

Background: In thyroid cancer, preoperative ultrasonography (US) is performed to detect the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis (LNM), which are related to prognosis. This study examined the relationships between specific US findings and LNM in micropapillary thyroid cancer (MPTC).

Methods: Data on 220 patients with solitary MPTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection between 2008 and 2009 were evaluated retrospectively.

Intracordal auricular cartilage injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

We evaluated the efficacy and outcome of intracordal auricular cartilage injection in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Our interest developed from findings of a canine model study that reported that histologic characteristics of cartilage were preserved 2 and 3 years after intracordal autologous cartilage injection. Between May 2002 and July 2010, 29 patients with breathy dysphonia caused by unilateral vocal fold paralysis underwent intracordal auricular cartilage injection.

New technique for preparing cartilage for intracordal injection: the freezing and grinding method.

Objectives/hypothesis: We developed a technique for preparing harvested cartilage that creates finer, more uniform pieces by freezing with liquid nitrogen and grinding with a mortar and pestle. Herein, we report the application of this new technique for intracordal cartilage injection.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Tumor location-dependent skip lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis without central lymph node (CLN) metastasis is not infrequent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study was designed to investigate the frequency and pattern of skip metastasis in PTC.

Methods: We reviewed 131 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with CLN dissection and selective lymph node dissection.

Nodal status of central lymph nodes as a negative prognostic factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The status of metastatic lymph nodes, including the size and extracapsular spread (ECS), in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been well established. This study evaluated the correlation between the specific status of central lymph node metastases (CLNM) and negative prognostic factors.

Methods: We reviewed 243 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection.

Isolation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from human adenoid tissue.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that originally derived from bone marrow. Clinical use of bone marrow-derived MSC is difficult due to morbidity and low MSC abundance and isolation efficiency. Recently, MSCs have been isolated from various adult tissues.