The ATP Level in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Depressive-like Behavior via the Medial Prefrontal Cortex-Lateral Habenula Pathway.

Background: Depression is the most common mental illness. Mounting evidence suggests that dysregulation of extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the cellular and neural circuit mechanisms through which ATP modulates depressive-like behavior remain elusive.

A discrete serotonergic circuit regulates vulnerability to social stress.

Exposure to social stress and dysregulated serotonergic neurotransmission have both been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. However, the serotonergic circuit involved in stress vulnerability is still unknown. Here, we explored whether a serotonergic input from the dorsal raphe (DR) to ventral tegmental area (VTA) influences vulnerability to social stress.

The gut microbiota regulates autism-like behavior by mediating vitamin B homeostasis in EphB6-deficient mice.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, and the effective pharmacological treatments for the core autistic symptoms are currently limited. Increasing evidence, particularly that from clinical studies on ASD patients, suggests a functional link between the gut microbiota and the development of ASD. However, the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota with brain dysfunctions (gut-brain axis) in ASD have not yet been full elucidated.

[Spatiotemporal Variations of Chlorophyll a and Its Relationship to Environmental Factors in Shiyan Reservoir].

The spatial-temporal characteristics of chlorophyll a concentration[(Chla)] were analyzed in Shiyan Reservoir, based on the monthly monitoring data from April 2013 to June 2014. The correlation between (Chla) and key environmental factors were also studied using correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis.The results showed that (TChla) was 9.

Value of R2* obtained from T2*-weighted imaging in predicting the prognosis of advanced cervical squamous carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Background: To prospectively investigate the value of R2* in predicting the prognosis of advanced cervical squamous carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with biopsy-proven cervical squamous carcinoma were enrolled in our study. All these subjects underwent multi-echo T2*-weighted MR imaging on a 3.

Value of whole-tumor dual-input perfusion CT in predicting the effect of multiarterial infusion chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to prospectively evaluate tumor perfusion using whole-tumor dual-input perfusion CT in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with multiarterial infusion chemotherapy and to determine whether treatment effect can be predicted in light of perfusion parameters.

Subjects And Methods: Forty-two patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study. Whole-tumor dual-input perfusion CT was performed for all these patients, who subsequently received multiarterial infusion chemotherapy.

Hippolachnin A, a new antifungal polyketide from the South China Sea sponge Hippospongia lachne.

Hippolachnin A (1), a polyketide possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton with a four-membered ring, was isolated from the South China Sea sponge Hippospongia lachne. The structure was elucidated using MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configuration was determined using a calculated ECD method. Hippolachnin A demonstrated potent antifungal activity against three pathogenic fungi, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum gypseum, with a MIC value of 0.

Pulmonary fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation: the value of high-resolution computed tomography in predicting their etiology.

Background: The correct diagnosis of etiology of fungal infection after bone marrow transplantation is very important to the choice of antifungal drugs and a premise for improvement of therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to compare high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of the pulmonary fungal infections to determine whether the etiology of various fungal infections could be diagnosed with HRCT.

Methods: Eighty-five cases were enrolled.

The value of perfusion CT in predicting the short-term response to synchronous radiochemotherapy for cervical squamous cancer.

Objective: To determine the value of the perfusion parameters in predicting short-term tumour response to synchronous radiochemotherapy for cervical squamous carcinoma.

Methods: Ninety-three patients with cervical squamous carcinoma later than stage IIB were included in this study. Perfusion CT was performed for all these patients who subsequently received the same synchronous radiochemotherapy.

Simplextones A and B, unusual polyketides from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex.

Two novel polyketides, simplextones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the sponge Plakortis simplex. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations were assigned by modified Mosher's method, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and quantum mechanical calculation of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum.

Construction of a three-dimensional pharmacophore for Bcl-2 inhibitors by flexible docking and the multiple copy simultaneous search method.

B-Cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein is a new promising target for anticancer drugs. A number of anticancer Bcl-2 inhibitors with diverse chemical structures have been discovered in recent years. In this paper, the flexible docking was performed to determine the binding modes of the representative inhibitors from different structural types.

Annexin B1 from Taenia solium metacestodes is a newly characterized member of the annexin family.

We previously reported cloning of the Taenia solium annexin B1 gene from a metacestode cDNA expression library and demonstrated that it acts as a protective antigen for effective vaccine development against cysticercosis. In the present study we produced recombinant annexin B1 and antiserum against the protein to investigate its structural and functional properties. Western blotting of metacestode fractions indicated that T.

[Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel triazole antifungal agents].

Aim: A series of triazole antifungal agents were synthesized to search for novel triazole antifungal agents with more potent activity, less toxicity and broader spectrum.

Methods: Twenty-one 1-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazolyl)-2-(2, 4-diflurophenyl)-3-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)-2-propanols were synthesized, on the basis of the three dimensional structure of P450 cytochrome 14alpha-sterol demethylase (CYP51) and their antifungal activities were also evaluated.

Results: Results of preliminary biological tests showed that most of title compounds exhibited activity against the eight common pathogenic fungi to some extent and the activities against deep fungi were higher than that against shallow fungi.

[Synthesis and antifungal activity of 1-(1,2,4-triazolyl-1H-1-yl)-2-(2,4-diflurophenyl)-3-(4-substituted benzyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-propanols].

Aim: A series of triazole antifungals were synthesized to search for novel triazole antifungals with more potent activity, less toxicity and broader spectrum.

Methods: Nineteen 1-(1,2,4-triazolyl-1H-1-yl)-2-(2,4-diflurophenyl)-3-(4-substituted benzyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-propanols were designed and synthesized, on basis of the three dimensional structure of P450 cytochrome 14 alpha-sterol demethylase (CYP51) and their antifungal activities were also evaluated.

Results: All the title compounds were first reported.