Immune Effects of Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2000 to 2021.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by macrophage activation. The current characteristics, hotspots, and research frontiers of macrophage-related RA were analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Relatedpapers published from 2000 to 2021 in the Web of Science database were retrieved.

Simultaneous screening, identification, quantitation, and activity evaluation of six acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in Coptidis Rhizoma by online UPLC-DAD coupled with AChE biochemical detection.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is a common treatment in the early stages of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), contains numerous isoquinoline alkaloids that substantially inhibit AChE played neuroprotective effects in the treatment of cognitive diseases. We established a method using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with AChE biochemical detection (UPLC-DAD-AChEBCD) to screen and identify AChE inhibitors (AChEIs), measure AChEIs content and activity, and evaluate the quality of CR derived from different plant species and growth year.

New steroidal alkaloid and furostanol glycosides isolated from Solanum lyratum with cytotoxicity.

Two previously undescribed steroidal compounds, 16, 23-epoxy-22, 26-epimino-cholest-22(N), 23, 25(26)-trien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furost-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol (2), together with 7 known ones including 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5, 20(22)-dien-furost-3β, 26-diol (3), (25R)-5-en-spirost-3β-ol-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhmanopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), funkioside D (5), aspidistrin (6), tigogenin-3-O-β-D-lucotrioside (7), desglucolanatigonin II (8), and degalactotigonin (9), were isolated from Solanum lyratum Thunb. Their cytotoxic activities were tested in two cancer cell lines by MTT method. One of the steroidal glycosides (6) showed significant cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer SGC7901 and liver cancer BEL-7402 cells.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Erpobdella octoculata (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae).

Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus, 1758; Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae) is a very common and morphologically variable macrophagous predators of aquatic invertebrates. Here we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of this species, as the first representative of the suborder Erpobdelliformes. This genome is 14,407 bp in length with an A + T content of 71.

[Sequence analysis of rDNA-ITS gene in medicinal leeches and their closely related species (Euhirudinea:Arhynchobdellida)].

Objective: To explore the phylogenetic relationships among medicinal leeches and their closely related species by comparing their ITS gene fragments.

Methods: 8 different leech species, including Whitmania pigra, Whitmania acranulata, Whitmania laevis, Hirudo nipponia, Poecilobdella manillensis, Poecilobdella javanica, Poecilobdella hubeiensis and Erpobdella octoculata were collected as the materials for study. After the total DNA of all samples was extracted, amplified by PCR and cloned, their ITS sequence, AT content, variable sites and evolutionary relationships were analyzed.