Clinical guideline on magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (2021 edition).

With the development and generalization of endoscopic technology and screening, clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG) has been increasing. In recent years, various types of MCCG are used globally. Therefore, establishing relevant guidelines on MCCG is of great significance.

Influence of early colorectal cancer component on the positive margins after endoscopic resection: a retrospective study.

Background: Endoscopic treatment methods for early colorectal cancer (ECRC) mainly depend on the size and morphology. It is unclear whether different endoscopic resection methods could achieve curative resection for ECRC confined in the mucosa. The study was designed to compare the rate of positive vertical margin (VM) of ECRC with advanced adenomas (AAs) including adenoma > 1 cm, villous adenoma, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/dysplasia stratified by different endoscopic resection methods.

Long- and short-term outcomes of early gastric cancer after endoscopic resection: a retrospective study from China.

 The aim of the study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) in China because no study has yet been conducted to confirm its effectiveness in EGC in China.  A total of 570 EGC samples from 537 patients were collected for evaluation of en bloc, complete, and curative resection using ESD. Data from 302 patients with at least 3 years of active follow-up were collected for analysis of recurrence of EGC and occurrence of metachronous GC (MGC).

Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With T1/T2 Gastroduodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Implications for Endoscopic Treatment.

Guidelines have differed in their opinion regarding the indications for endoscopic resection of gastric-neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs) and duodenal-NENs (d-NENs). We examined the association between size and lymph node metastasis (LNM) to identify candidates most suitable for endoscopic resection. We identified 706 patients with T1/T2 g-NENs and 621 patients with T1/T2 d-NENs from the SEER database.

The role of early video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and prognosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A multi-center propensity score matching study.

Background And Aim: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a first-line procedure for the diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The opinions on the timing for such diagnostic evaluation remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of early VCE in OGIB patients.

Personalized four-category staging for predicting prognosis in patients with small bowel Adenocarcinoma: an international development and validation study.

Background: Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) classification showed superiority over 8 edition N staging in predicting survival of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Tumor, LODDS, and Metastasis (TLM) staging of SBA.

Methods: Totally 1789 SBA patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1988-2010, 437 patients from SEER database between 2011-2013 and 166 patients from multicenters were categorized into development, validation and test cohort, respectively.

Comparison of malignancy-prediction efficiency between contrast and non-contract CT-based radiomics features in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A multicenter study.

This work seeks the development and validation of radiomics signatures from nonenhanced computed tomography (CT, NE-RS) to preoperatively predict the malignancy degree of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and the comparison of these signatures with those from contrast-enhanced CT. A dataset for 370 GIST patients was collected from four centers. This dataset was divided into cohorts for training, as well as internal and external validation.

Prognosis of colorectal cancer patients is associated with the novel log odds of positive lymph nodes scheme: derivation and external validation.

To construct proper and externally validate cut-off points for log odds of positive lymph nodes scheme (LODDS) staging scheme in colorectal cancer (CRC). The X-tile approach was used to find the cut-off points for the novel LODDS staging scheme in 240,898 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and externally validated in 1,878 from the international multicenter cohort. Kaplan-Meier plot and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were performed to investigate the role of the novel LODDS classification.

Thalidomide targets EGFL6 to inhibit EGFL6/PAX6 axis-driven angiogenesis in small bowel vascular malformation.

Background: Small bowel vascular malformation disease (SBVM) is the most common cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Several studies suggested that EGFL6 was able to promote the growth of tumor endothelial cells by forming tumor vessels. To date, it remains unclear how EGFL6 promotes pathological angiogenesis in SBVM and whether EGFL6 is a target of thalidomide.

Personalized CT-based radiomics nomogram preoperative predicting Ki-67 expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a multicenter development and validation cohort.

Background And Aim: To develop and validate radiomic prediction models using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) to preoperatively predict Ki-67 expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Method: A total of 339 GIST patients from four centers were categorized into the training, internal validation, and external validation cohort. By filtering unstable features, minimum redundancy, maximum relevance, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm, a radiomic signature was built to predict the malignant potential of GISTs.

Inverse Association of Age with Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Colorectal Cancer: A Large Population-Based Study.

Background: Superficial colorectal cancer (SCRC) is defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) confined to the mucosa or submucosa. Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely used to resect differentiated SCRC from patients without lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, it is unclear whether ER is suitable for use with patients with differentiated early-onset SCRC because early-onset CRC is more aggressive.

Feasibility of using narrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classification for diagnosing colorectal neoplasia in China: A multicenter pilot observational study.

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether Chinese endoscopists without narrow-band imaging (NBI) experiences could achieve high accuracy in the real-time diagnosis of colorectal polyps using NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification after web-based training.

Methods: Altogether 15 endoscopists from five centers with no NBI experiences followed a short, web-based training program on the NICE classification and took web-based test. Their performances were compared with 15 matched experienced endoscopists with no NBI experience who received no NBI training.

Low-dose and same day use of polyethylene glycol improves image of video capsule endoscopy: A multi-center randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aim: Clear visualization of the small bowel is a requirement for satisfactory video capsule endoscopy (VCE). The aim of this study was to identify the optimal dose and timing of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for small bowel preparation before VCE.

Methods: A total of 410 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized trial.

Endoscopic management of patients with early gastric cancer before and after endoscopic resection: A review.

With the wide application of endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer (EGC) by not only Asian endoscopists but also those from Western countries, reviews on standardized treatment processes before and after endoscopic resection are nevertheless lacking. In this article we provide a narrative review of studies on the selection of appropriate EGC for endoscopic resection and the follow-up strategies for those with histologically confirmed EGC after endoscopic resection. EGC should be comprehensively assessed before endoscopic resection, including its exact margin, invasive depth and risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM).

RAB31 Targeted by MiR-30c-2-3p Regulates the GLI1 Signaling Pathway, Affecting Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis.

Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common cancers worldwide, is highly malignant and fatal. Ras-related protein in brain 31 (RAB31), a member of the RAB family of oncogenes, participates in the process of carcinogenesis and cancer development; however, its role in GC progression is unknown. In our study, 90 pairs of tissue microarrays were used to measure the levels of RAB31 protein by immunochemistry, and 22 pairs of fresh tissue were used to measure the levels of RAB31 mRNA by quantitative PCR.

NOX4, a new genetic target for anti-cancer therapy in digestive system cancer.

Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important factor in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 4 (NOX4), a substrate of NADPH that can generate H O reactive oxygen species, has been reported to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumors. In this review we summarize the available evidence on the biological function of NOX4 in digestive system tumors by focusing on its correlation with classical cell signaling pathways, including VEGF, MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and with biochemical mediators, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), activator protein (AP)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β.

Pseudopod-associated protein KIF20B promotes Gli1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulated by pseudopodial actin dynamic in human colorectal cancer.

Kinesin family member 20B (KIF20B) has been reported to have an oncogenic role in bladder and hepatocellular cancer cells, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the mRNA and protein levels of KIF20B in CRC tissues using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. KIF20B was overexpressed in CRC tissues and was associated with cancer invasion and metastasis.

NOX4-driven ROS formation regulates proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through the GLI1 pathway.

NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4), a member of the NOX family, has emerged as a significant source of reactive oxygen species, playing an important role in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes. However, the potential function of NOX4 in gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to illustrate whether NOX4 plays a role in regulating gastric cancer cell growth.

High expression of GPR116 indicates poor survival outcome and promotes tumor progression in colorectal carcinoma.

Previous studies have found that G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) is a regulator of breast cancer metastasis. However, the role of GPR116 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) carcinogenesis and progression is unknown. In this study, We found GPR116 expression was significantly up-regulated in CRC specimens compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues.

Overexpression of NOX4 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression in human colorectal cancer.

NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, has been increasingly reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression, but limited data are available regarding the role of NOX4 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We retrieved six independent investigations from Oncomine database and found that NOX4 is highly expressed in CRC tissues compared with corresponding normal controls. Similar results were also found in clinical specimens at both mRNA and protein levels.

Optimal use of polyethylene glycol for preparation of small bowel video capsule endoscopy: a network meta-analysis.

Objective: Standardized strategy of bowel preparation before video capsule endoscopy (VCE) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the ideal dose of PEG, based on small bowel visualization quality (SBVQ), diagnostic yield (DY), and complete rate (CR) of VCE using a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: This NMA included RCTs comparing any of the following bowel preparation interventions for VCE: fasting overnight ("Fast"), 1 liter PEG ("PEG 1L"), 2-liter PEG ("PEG 2L"), or 4-liter PEG ("PEG 4L").

Accuracy of Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy, Compared With Conventional Gastroscopy, in Detection of Gastric Diseases.

Background & Aims: Diseases of the stomach, including gastric cancer and peptic ulcer, are the most common digestive diseases. It is impossible to visualize the entire stomach with the passive capsule currently used in practice because of the large size of the gastric cavity. A magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system has been designed to explore the stomach.

Value of Magnifying Endoscopy With Narrow-Band Imaging and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Detecting Gastric Cancerous Lesions.

Although the respective potentials of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in predicting gastric cancer has been well documented, there is a lack of studies in comparing the value and diagnostic strategy of these 2 modalities. Our primary aim is to investigate whether CLE is superior to ME-NBI for differentiation between gastric cancerous and noncancerous lesions. A secondary aim is to propose an applicable clinical strategy.

Endoscopic diagnosis of invasion depth for early colorectal carcinomas: a prospective comparative study of narrow-band imaging, acetic acid, and crystal violet.

Several studies have validated the effectiveness of narrow-band imaging (NBI) in estimating invasion depth of early colorectal cancers. However, comparative diagnostic accuracy between NBI and chromoendoscopy remains unclear. Other than crystal violet, use of acetic acid as a new staining method to diagnose deep submucosal invasive (SM-d) carcinomas has not been extensively evaluated.