Permissible viewing times of educational projector and TV.

Projectors have become one major medium in modern teaching, with large area-size displays emerging as an alternative. What concerns the general public is whether such eLearning would impose threat on eyes, by noting blue enriched white light to be hazardous to retina and else. Especially, little was known about their permissible viewing time under a certain viewing clarity.

Novel Paired Cell Lines for the Study of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer Stemness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

There are few well-characterized syngeneic murine models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which limits immunological studies and the development of immunotherapies for HCC. We previously established an oncogene-induced spontaneous HCC mouse model based on transposon-mediated oncogene ( and ) insertion into the genome of hepatocytes to induce tumorigenesis. Two tumor clones with different levels of lipid droplets (LDs) showed similar growth but distinctive phenotypes, including divergent proliferative capability and varying induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).

A systematic identification of anti-inflammatory active components derived from Mu Dan Pi and their applications in inflammatory bowel disease.

Mu Dan Pi (MDP), also known as Moutan Cortex Radicis, is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat autoimmune diseases. However, the impact of MDP and its principal active compounds on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncertain. This study therefore systemically assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of MDP and its known active compounds in IBD.

Prevention of 4-hydroxynonenal-induced lipolytic activation by carnosic acid is related to the induction of glutathione S-transferase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Unlabelled: Induction of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a major lipid peroxidation aldehyde, is observed in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The lipolytic response by 4-HNE has been linked to insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of carnosic acid (CA) on 4-HNE-induced lipolysis and the inhibition of β-oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Lipid droplets are central organelles for meiosis II progression during yeast sporulation.

Neutral lipids, predominantly triacylglycerol (TAG) and sterol ester, are stored within the cellular organelles termed lipid droplets (LDs). Although it is believed that the major function of LDs is to supply the cell with energy and membranes, little is known about the cellular events directly involving LDs and their contents. In this study, we provide cytological evidence that LDs form direct contacts with the prospore membrane (PSM) that is synthesized de novo during meiosis II to sequester the dividing nuclei in sporulating yeast.

S. cerevisiae Mre11 recruits conjugated SUMO moieties to facilitate the assembly and function of the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex.

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in chromosomes are the most challenging type of DNA damage. The yeast and mammalian Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2/Nbs1 (MRX/N)-Sae2/Ctp1 complex catalyzes the resection of DSBs induced by secondary structures, chemical adducts or covalently-attached proteins. MRX/N also initiates two parallel DNA damage responses-checkpoint phosphorylation and global SUMOylation-to boost a cell's ability to repair DSBs.

Three distinct modes of Mec1/ATR and Tel1/ATM activation illustrate differential checkpoint targeting during budding yeast early meiosis.

Recombination and synapsis of homologous chromosomes are hallmarks of meiosis in many organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by Spo11-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whereas chromosome synapsis is mediated by a tripartite structure named the synaptonemal complex (SC). Previously, we proposed that budding yeast SC is assembled via noncovalent interactions between the axial SC protein Red1, SUMO chains or conjugates, and the central SC protein Zip1.

Mek1 stabilizes Hop1-Thr318 phosphorylation to promote interhomolog recombination and checkpoint responses during yeast meiosis.

Red1, Hop1 and Mek1 are three yeast meiosis-specific chromosomal proteins that uphold the interhomolog (IH) bias of meiotic recombination. Mek1 is also an effector protein kinase in a checkpoint that responds to aberrant DNA and/or axis structure. The activation of Mek1 requires Red1-dependent Hop1-Thr(T)318 phosphorylation, which is mediated by Mec1 and Tel1, the yeast homologs of the mammalian DNA damage sensor kinases ATR and ATM.

Yeast axial-element protein, Red1, binds SUMO chains to promote meiotic interhomologue recombination and chromosome synapsis.

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a tripartite protein structure consisting of two parallel axial elements (AEs) and a central region. During meiosis, the SC connects paired homologous chromosomes, promoting interhomologue (IH) recombination. Here, we report that, like the CE component Zip1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae axial-element structural protein, Red1, can bind small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) polymeric chains.

Demographic characteristics and perceived health status of users of folk therapies in Taiwan.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of folk therapy use among Taiwanese adults and factors associated with such use.

Subjects And Methods: The data used in this study were from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan, which utilized a multistaged stratified systematic sampling scheme. Included in the current analysis were 11,290 individuals from 20 to 65 years.