Four new triterpene glucosides from Lour.

Four new triterpene glucosides () were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of , together with five known compounds (). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS, IR, 1 D and 2 D NMR analysis. All isolates were assayed for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

[A new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid from Croton yunnanensis].

Five sesquiterpenoids were isolated from 90% ethanol extract of Croton yunnanensis by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,as well as prep-HPLC methods. Based on MS,1 D and 2 D NMR spectral analyses,the structures of the five compounds were identified as 11-methoxyl alismol(1),6β,7β-epoxy-4α-hydroxyguaian-10-ene(orientalol C,2),multisalactone D(3),arvestonol(4),and 4,5-dihydroblumenol A(5). Compound 1 was a new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid.

Bioactive glycosides from Salacia cochinchinensis.

Four new triterpene glycosides, named salaciacochinosides A-D (1-4) were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of Salacia cochinchinensis, together with five known compounds 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), racemiside (6), alangiplatanoside (7), acantrifoside E (8), and syringin (9). The structures of the four new triterpenoids were characterized by chemical methods and MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the nine compounds were assessed, compounds 6 and 7 showed remarkable α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC values of 0.

Bioactive constituents from .

Two new isopimarane diterpenoids, named 1-hydroxy-7-oxoisopimara-8, 15-diene (), 11-hydroxy-7-oxoisopimara-8(14), 15-diene (), together with six known compounds (), were isolated from the medicinal plant . All isolates were assayed for their cytotoxicity and -glucosidase inhibitory activity. Results suggested compounds , possessed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HL60, and Hela cell lines with IC values ranging from 0.

Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Cyathula officinalis and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Cyathula officinalis. Compounds were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods.

Prevalence and quantification of the uncommon Archaea phylotype Thermoplasmata in chronic periodontitis.

Objective: Chronic periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues and is caused by invasion of certain types of bacteria and Archaea, with Methanobrevibacter oralis as the predominant archaeon. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and quantity of the newly discovered Archaea phylotype Thermoplasmata in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 49 patients with chronic periodontitis and 45 periodontally healthy subjects.

Characterization of oral bacterial diversity of irradiated patients by high-throughput sequencing.

The objective of this study was to investigate the compositional profiles and microbial shifts of oral microbiota during head-and-neck radiotherapy. Bioinformatic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing was performed to assess the diversity and variation of oral microbiota of irradiated patients. Eight patients with head and neck cancers were involved in this study.

Exploring the dynamic core microbiome of plaque microbiota during head-and-neck radiotherapy using pyrosequencing.

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality used for patients with head-and-neck cancers, but inevitably causes microorganism-related oral complications. This study aims to explore the dynamic core microbiome of oral microbiota in supragingival plaque during the course of head-and-neck radiotherapy. Eight subjects aged 26 to 70 were recruited.

[The influence of different alkaline pH conditions on Enterococcus faecalis in planktonic and biofilm mode].

Purpose: To study the influence of different pH conditions on Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) in planktonic and biofilm mode.

Methods: E.

[Analysis of community composition in dental plaque of elder people with root caries].

Objective: To analyze the community in dental plaque of elder people with root caries.

Methods: Total DNAs were extracted from the root caries dental plaques of nine elders over 60 years of age. Polymerase chaid reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the microbial composition, DGGE bands were excised from the gels for sequencing and identification.

Effects of intensity-modulated radiotherapy on human oral microflora.

This study aimed to evaluate changes in the biodiversity of the oral microflora of patients with head and neck cancer treated with postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT). Pooled dental plaque samples were collected during the radiation treatment from patients receiving IMRT (n = 13) and CRT (n = 12). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to analyze the temporal variation of these plaque samples.

[Observation of genetic diversity in dental plaque of elder people with root caries].

Purpose: Bacterial community in dental plaque of elder people was analyzed to learn about the microhabitat composition and diversity.

Methods: Dental plaque samples were collected from 25 elders. PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to evaluate the microbial diversity by displaying PCR-generated 16SrDNA fragments that migrate at different distances, reflecting the different sequence of fragment.

Modeling of diffusion transport through oral biofilms with the inverse problem method.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to quantitatively describe the passive transport of macromolecules within dental biofilms.

Methodology: Fluorescently labeled dextrans with different molecular mass (3 kD, 10 kD, 40 kD, 70 kD, 2000 kD) were used as a series of diffusion probes. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum were used as inocula for biofilm formation.

Investigation of supragingival plaque microbiota in different caries status of Chinese preschool children by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.

This study aimed to detect differences in the richness of total supragingival plaque microbiota as well as the species composition of oral streptococci involved in the different stages of dental caries. Forty-five plaque samples were collected from caries-moderate (CM, 4 ≤ dmfs ≤ 6), caries-susceptible (CS, dmfs ≥ 10), and age-matched caries-free children separately. Total DNA was isolated directly from each sample, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analyses using universal and primers specific for oral streptococci were carried out.

[Nifedipine regulated expression of bcl-2 in human gingival epithelial cells in vitro].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nifedipine(NIF) on transcription of bcl-2 in human gingival epithelial cells(HGECs) in vitro and to study the pathogenesis of epithelial thickening in drug-induced gingival overgrowth(DGO).

Methods: The gingival tissues obtained from periodontal surgeries were digested with enzyme and HGECs were cultured in vitro; HGECs were identified by immunohistochemistry; bcl-2 mRNA levels were quantitated by Real-time PCR 24 hours and 48 hours after cells stimulated by NIF with different concentration (0microg/ml, 1microg/ml,2microg/ml,3microg/ml), in which 0microg/ml NIF as blank control. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 11.

[Quantitative evaluation of residual endodontic microorganisms after mechanical root canal preparation different chemical preparations by real-time PCR].

Purpose: To establish a quick, sensitive method for quantifying root canal flora and investigate the effects of different root canal preparations on the pathogenic bacteria at RNA level.

Methods: A total of 24 single-rooted teeth with chronic apical periodontitis were selected and prepared using 3% H2O2 combined with 1% NaClO, EDTA combined with 3% H(2)O(2),1% NaClO, respectively,the samples were taken before and after root canal preparation. After isolation of total RNA from the root canal samples, cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and detected by real-time PCR.

[Identification and quantitative analysis of Archaea involved in periodontal disease].

Objective: To make qualitative and quantitative analysis of Archaea in subgingival plaque sample and to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and Archaea.

Methods: Subgingival plaque was collected from 23 patients with aggressive periodontitis, 29 with chronic periodontitis, 35 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 38 healthy controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of methanogenic archaea was performed by amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the DNA extracted from the plaque samples.

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection accelerates intimal thickening in iliac arteries in a balloon-injured rabbit model.

Background: Current epidemiologic data suggest that a localized infection (periodontitis) can disseminate into the distant tissues, and subgingival bacteria can migrate in the bloodstream, thereby contributing to independent systemic disease processes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of repeated systemic inoculations with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on intimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries in a rabbit model of balloon injury.

Methods: One week after single balloon injury to the iliac artery, 30 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to intravenous inoculation with 100 microl live Pg (10(7) colony-forming units; n = 15) or vehicle (n = 15) once weekly for 4, 8, or 12 consecutive weeks.

[The impact of Yishenqinghuo recipe on alveolar bone reconstruction of rats with experimental periodontitis].

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Yishenqinghuo recipe on alveolar bone reconstruction of rats with experimental periodontitis.

Methods: 12-months old Spague-Dawley rats were selected for the study. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.

[Comparison of the sucrose dependent cell adherence of Streptococcus mutans isolates from caries-active and caries-free children].

Purpose: To study the sucrose dependent cell adhesive ability of Streptococcus mutans islolated from the caries-active and caries-free children.

Methods: 60 isolated Streptococcus mutans strains were selected and identified from the dental plaque of 10 caries-active children and 10 caries-free children (3 to 5 years), in which 39 strains were from caries-active group(dmfs>or=6) and 21 strains from caries-free group(dmfs=0). With the use of ultraviolet spectrophotometer, the sucrose dependent cell adherence to glass wall of the sucrose-containing testing tubes was analyzed.