Upside-Down Adsorption: The Counterintuitive Influences of Surface Entropy and Surface Hydroxyl Density on Hydrogen Spillover.

Although hydrogen spillover is often invoked to explain anomalies in catalysis, spillover remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Hydrogen spillover (H*) is best described as highly mobile H atom equivalents that arise when H migrates from a metal nanoparticle to an oxide or carbon support. In the 60 years since its discovery, few methods have become available to quantify or characterize H*-support interactions.

Surface Hydroxyl Chemistry of Titania- and Alumina-Based Supports: Quantitative Titration and Temperature Dependence of Surface Brønsted Acid-Base Parameters.

Surface hydroxyl groups on metal oxides play significant roles in catalyst synthesis and catalytic reactions. Despite the importance of surface hydroxyls in broader material applications, quantitative measurements of surface acid-base properties are not regularly reported. Here, we describe direct methods to quantify fundamental properties of surface hydroxyls on several titania- and alumina-based supports.

Reliable, High-Performance Electrochromic Supercapacitors Based on Metal-Doped Nickel Oxide.

Herein, high-performance, reliable electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) are proposed based on tungsten trioxide (WO) and nickel oxide (NiO) films. To maximize device performance and stability, the stoichiometric balance between anode and cathode materials is controlled by carefully adjusting the thickness of the anodic NiO film while fixing the thickness of WO to ∼660 nm. Then, a small amount (≤10 mol %) of metal (e.

Voltage-Tunable Dual Image of Electrostatic Force-Assisted Dispensing Printed, Tungsten Trioxide-Based Electrochromic Devices with a Symmetric Configuration.

Electrostatic force-assisted dispensing (EFAD)-printed tungsten trioxide (WO)-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) displaying a dual image depending on the applied voltage are demonstrated. We first print WO via EFAD printing, in which the width of the printed lines can be tuned by adjusting the printing speed. The performance of the ECDs is characterized while varying the thickness of the printed WO film.

User-Customized, Multicolor, Transparent Electrochemical Displays Based on Oxidatively Tuned Electrochromic Ion Gels.

Transparent displays have emerged as a class of cutting-edge electronics. Here, we propose user-customized, design-it-yourself (DIY) transparent displays based on electrochromic (EC) ion gels including viologens. To achieve multiple colors and enhance the functionality of EC displays (ECDs), the incorporation of several EC chromophores is inevitable.

Dual-Function Electrochromic Supercapacitors Displaying Real-Time Capacity in Color.

Dual-function electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) that indicate their real-time charge capacity in color are fabricated using tungsten trioxide (WO) and Li-doped ion gels containing hydroquinone (HQ). The ECSs can simultaneously serve as either electrochromic devices or supercapacitors. The coloration/bleaching and charging/discharging characteristics are investigated between 0 and -1.

Voltage-Tunable Multicolor, Sub-1.5 V, Flexible Electrochromic Devices Based on Ion Gels.

Voltage-tunable multicolor electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated based on flexible ion gels consisting of copolymers and ionic liquids as an electrolyte layer. Dimethyl ferrocene (dmFc) is incorporated into the gel, which serves as an anodic species. In this study, two electrochromic (EC) materials, monoheptyl viologen (MHV) and diheptyl viologen (DHV), are employed and show significantly different EC behavior despite the similar chemical structure.

Fundamental study on the development of fiber optic sensor for real-time sensing of CaCO3 scale formation in geothermal water.

This study proposes an optical fiber sensor for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation in water. The sensor is easily fabricated by removing the cladding of a multimode fiber to expose the core towards the surrounding medium in order to detect refractive index change. A variation of the transmittance response from the high refractive index of CaCO3 which precipitated on the fiber core surface was observed.