Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of as a Biostimulant on the Growth and Drought Tolerance of .

Microalgae have demonstrated biostimulant potential owing to their ability to produce various plant growth-promoting substances, such as amino acids, phytohormones, polysaccharides, and vitamins. Most previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of microalgal biostimulants on plant growth. While biomass extracts are commonly used as biostimulants, research on the use of culture supernatant, a byproduct of microalgal culture, is scarce.

Myrosinase isogenes in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) and their putative roles in glucosinolate metabolism.

Background: Wasabi, a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent and hot flavor which is produced from glucosinolate (GSL) degradation. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principle enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant defense system and food quality. Due to the limited information in relation to MYRs present in wasabi (Wasabia japonica M.

Initial Steps in Methanobactin Biosynthesis: Substrate Binding by the Mixed-Valent Diiron Enzyme MbnBC.

The MbnBC enzyme complex converts cysteine residues in a peptide substrate, MbnA, to oxazolone/thioamide groups during the biosynthesis of copper chelator methanobactin (Mbn). MbnBC belongs to the mixed-valent diiron oxygenase (MVDO) family, of which members use an Fe(II)Fe(III) cofactor to react with dioxygen for substrate modification. Several crystal structures of the inactive Fe(III)Fe(III) form of MbnBC alone and in complex with MbnA have been reported, but a mechanistic understanding requires determination of the oxidation states of the crystallographically observed Fe ions in the catalytically active Fe(II)Fe(III) state, along with the site of MbnA binding.

Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation.

This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in . Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.

Integrative analysis of metabolite and transcriptome reveals biosynthetic pathway and candidate genes for eupatilin and jaceosidin biosynthesis in .

() is a medicinal plant belonging to the family and . Flavonoids abundant in are associated with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative effects. Eupatilin and jaceosidin are representative polymethoxy flavonoids with medicinal properties significant enough to warrant the development of drugs using their components.

Nanoencapsulation enhances the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract.

The marine carotenoid fucoxanthin (FX) has various health benefits but suffers from poor bioavailability. We hypothesize that the bioavailability of FX in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract (PE) could be improved through nanoencapsulation. Here, we developed two types of nanoparticles: one consisting of alginate and casein (A-C-PE, 246 nm diameter, 79.

Secondary Coordination Sphere Influences the Formation of Fe(III)-O or Fe(III)-OH in Nitrite Reduction: A Synthetic and Computational Study.

The reduction of nitrite (NO) to generate nitric oxide (NO) is a significant area of research due to their roles in the global nitrogen cycle. Here, we describe various modifications of the tris(5-cyclohexyliminopyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine H[N(pi)] ligand where the steric bulk and acidity of the secondary coordination sphere were explored in the non-heme iron system for nitrite reduction. The cyclohexyl and 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl variants of the ligand were used to probe the mechanism of nitrite reduction.

A mixed-valent Fe(II)Fe(III) species converts cysteine to an oxazolone/thioamide pair in methanobactin biosynthesis.

SignificanceMethanobactins (Mbns), copper-binding peptidic compounds produced by some bacteria, are candidate therapeutics for human diseases of copper overload. The paired oxazolone-thioamide bidentate ligands of methanobactins are generated from cysteine residues in a precursor peptide, MbnA, by the MbnBC enzyme complex. MbnBC activity depends on the presence of iron and oxygen, but the catalytically active form has not been identified.

Characterization of a Copper-Chelating Natural Product from the Methanotroph sp. LW3.

Methanobactins (Mbns) are ribosomally produced, post-translationally modified peptidic natural products that bind copper with high affinity. Methanotrophic bacteria use Mbns to acquire copper needed for enzymatic methane oxidation. Despite the presence of Mbn operons in a range of methanotroph and other bacterial genomes, few Mbns have been isolated and structurally characterized.

Impact of copper treatment on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in adventitious root culture of L.

has been widely used in various pharmaceutical applications. The biological effects and significance of phenylpropanoids in numerous industries are well studied. However, fulfilling consumer demand for these commercially important compounds is difficult.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome in Fisch ex DC.

Fisch ex DC belongs to the Compositae family and has been used as a folk remedy source in Asian countries because of its health-promoting properties. It is known that contains flavonoids, furans, long-chain alcohols, sterols, and volatile oils. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis remains poorly understood.

Prediction of Dhurrin Metabolism by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses in .

Sorghum ( (L.)) Moench is an important food for humans and feed for livestock. Sorghum contains dhurrin which can be degraded into toxic hydrogen cyanide.

Yeast extract improved biosynthesis of astragalosides in hairy root cultures of .

The dried root of is a well-known herbal medicine, and it is useful in treating chronic diseases and weakness, as well as for improving overall health and vitality. Astragalosides, which are root quality indicators of , are natural triterpenoid saponins that are used in the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there is an urgent need to improve their production because of their low quantity in plants and the difficulty of chemical synthesis.

Large-scale production of recombinant miraculin protein in transgenic carrot callus suspension cultures using air-lift bioreactors.

Miraculin, derived from the miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum), is a taste-regulating protein that interacts with human sweet-taste receptors and transforms sourness into sweet taste. Since miracle fruit is cultivated in West Africa, mass production of miraculin is limited by regional and seasonal constraints. Here, we investigated mass production of recombinant miraculin in carrot (Daucus carota L.

Identification and analysis of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and phenylpropanoid accumulation in watercress ( R. Br.).

Watercress ( R. Br.) is a cruciferous plant consumed by people worldwide.

New Insight into Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Tetrasodium Salt as a Sacrificing Sodium Ion Source for Sodium-Deficient Cathode Materials for Full Cells.

Sacrificing sodium supply sources is needed for sodium-deficient cathode materials to achieve commercialization of sodium-ion full cells using sodium-ion intercalation anode materials. Herein, the potential of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EDTA-4Na) as a sacrificing sodium supply source was investigated by intimately blending it with sodium-deficient P2-type Na[AlMn]O. The EDTA-4Na/Na[AlMn]O composite electrode unexpectedly exhibited an improved charge capacity of 177 mA h (g-oxide) compared with the low charge capacity of 83 mA h (g-oxide) for bare Na[AlMn]O.

Metabolic Profiling of Nine Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics.

species are well recognized for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The comprehensive metabolite profiles of nine species have been determined. The extracts of these species were also screened for antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

Unraveling the Role of Earth-Abundant Fe in the Suppression of Jahn-Teller Distortion of P'2-Type NaMnO: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.

Layered NaMnO suffers from capacity loss due to Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion by Mn ions. Herein, density functional theory calculations suggest Na[Fe Mn]O suppresses the J-T effect. The Fe substitution results in a decreased oxygen-metal-oxygen length, leading to decreases in the b and c lattice parameters but an increase in the a lattice constant.

Repurposed HisC Aminotransferases Complete the Biosynthesis of Some Methanobactins.

Methanobactins (Mbns) are ribosomally produced, post-translationally modified bacterial natural products with a high affinity for copper. MbnN, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase, performs a transamination reaction that is the last step in the biosynthesis of Mbns produced by several Methylosinus species. Our bioinformatic analyses indicate that MbnNs likely derive from histidinol-phosphate aminotransferases (HisCs), which play a key role in histidine biosynthesis.

Medically important carotenoids from and their gene expressions in different organs.

Carotenoids, found in the fruit and different organs of bitter melon (), have attracted great attention for their potential health benefits in treating several major chronic diseases. Therefore, study related to the identification and quantification of the medically important carotenoid metabolites is highly important for the treatment of various disorderes. The present study involved in the identification and quantification of the various carotenoids present in the different organs of and the identification of the genes responsible for the accumulation of the carotenoids with respect to the transcriptome levels were investigated.

Identification and Characterization of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes and Their Accumulation in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia).

Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids belong to a large group of secondary metabolites, and are considered to have antioxidant activity, which protects the cells against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the accumulation of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in bitter melon has rarely been studied. Here, we identify ten putative phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic genes in bitter melon.

Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling of green and red kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) seedlings.

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a rich source of numerous health-benefiting compounds, including vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids. However, the genetic resources for exploiting the phyto-nutritional traits of kales are limited.

Expression of Genes Related to Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Different Organs of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora.

Members of the genus have long been used in traditional medicines as stomachics, sedatives, and diuretics. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme-A (CoA) ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) are important enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. In this study, we analyzed seven genes from var.

Influence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts.

We investigated the effects of natural plant hormones, indole-3-acetic (IAA) acid and gibberellic acid (GA), on the growth parameters and production of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in common buckwheat sprouts. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among these, seven compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after treating the common buckwheat sprouts with different concentrations of the hormones IAA and GA.