[Detection of maize centromeric repeats in the relatives of maize using fluorescence in situ hybridization].

In order to analyze the conservation of maize centromeric satellite DNA (CentC) and centromeric retrotransposon (CRM) in the subspecies and relatives of Zea mays, dual fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the existence and distribution of the above two repetitive sequences in Zea mays ssp. mexicana, Z. diploperennis, Z.

An optimal method of DNA silver staining in polyacrylamide gels.

DNA silver staining has widely been used to detect DNA fragments in polyacrylamide gels with high sensitivity. We developed an optimal method for DNA silver staining on polyacrylamide gels. The novel procedure can be completed within 10 min instead of over 20 min with the conventional methods.

[Advances in research of the structure and function of plant centromeres].

Centromeres are the chromosomal domains necessary for faithful chromosome segregation and transmission during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. In the last decade, centromeres in some plant species including Arabidopsis, rice and maize have been deeply studied at molecular level. Centromeric DNAs evolve rapidly and are little conserved among various plants, but the types of centromeric DNA sequences and their organization patterns within centromeres are basically similar in plants.

Visualization of the ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) of Indica rice with FISH on some phases of cell cycle and extended DNA fibers.

The ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) behaviors during the cell cycle were analyzed on interphase nuclei, prophases, metaphases, pachytene chromosomes and extended DNA fibers in rice (Oryza, sativa ssp. indica cv. Guangluai No.

Cytogenetic comparisons between A and G genomes in Oryza using genomic in situ hybridization.

The genomic structures of Oryza sativa (A genome) and O. meyeriana (G genome) were comparatively studied using bicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH was clearly able to discriminate between the chromosomes of O.

[The relationship between abnormity of synaptonemal complex and male fertility impairment in human].

It was said that 11% of all men showed their infertility. The genetic origins of male infertility may be classified into three main groups: chromosome abnormalities, microdeletions and gene mutations. Growing literature has shown that spermatogenesis failure or reproductive failure (pregnancy wastages) occurred in male carriers of chromosomal distortion/aberration.

CPD banding patterns and identification of 45S rDNA sites in tomato.

In this study, we performed sequentially combined PI and DAPI (CPD) staining and FISH with two different 45S rDNA clones on meiotic pachytene and mitotic metaphase chromosomes in tomato. Ten red CPD bands were shown on eight pachytene bivalents, and 12 bands were shown on six pairs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes. The CPD bands exhibited on mitotic metaphase chromosomes corresponded to the prominent bands exhibited on the pachytene chromosomes.

FISH analysis of pachytene chromosome and DNA fiber of telomere sequence in rice (Oryza sativa L. indica).

Telomere sequences were analyzed by using pachytene chromosome and extended DNA fiber FISH in rice (Oryza, sativa ssp. indica cv. -Guangluai No.

[Flow cytometric analysis and sorting of plant chromosomes.].

Flow cytometry refers to the technique where the measurement of the physical and chemical characteristics of particles including chromosomes, nuclei and cells is made as the particles pass in a fluid stream through a measuring point surrounded by an array of detectors. FCM (flow cytometry) analysis has played an important role in human genome projects. This technique is now increasingly used to establish flow karyotypes, sort chromosomes, map genes and construct DNA libraries in plants.

[Synaptonemal complexes analysis in male fertility impairment in two men].

Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of male fertility impairment were analysed in two patients. In case one, his testicular histology was normal and there were 20% abnormal pachytene spermatoeytes, showing unsynaptic and broken SCs. It resulted in spermatogensis with unbalanced chromosomes and pregnancy wastages.

[The production and multi-color genomic in situ hybridization identification of maize-Z. perennis substituted material].

Genus Zea. L was composed of two sections: sect. Luxuriantes Doebley & Iltis including Z.

[Analysis of synaptonemal complex from a carrier with 46,XY,t(11;18) balanced translocation].

Over ten years ago, two male patients of pregnancy wastage, who were the carriers of 4;6 and 4;13 reciprocal translocations, respectively, were analyzed with synaptonemal complexes (SCs) by de Perdigo et al. They suggested that the pregnancy wastage should be caused by heterosynapsis, which reciprocal translocations resulted in. The heterosynapsis might avoid spermatogenesis failure, but easily induced non-disjunction of some chromosomes and led to occurrence of unbalanced gametes.

A new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis in plants.

In this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. The technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. Clear multiple and adjacent DAPI bands like G-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including Hordeum vulgare L.

Quantitative chromosome map of Coix lacryma-jobi L. by imaging methods.

Prometaphase chromosomes of Coix lacryma-jobi L. were quantitatively analyzed based on their distribution patterns of DAPI signals. The DAPI signals showed prominent uneven distribution along the chromosomes.

Expressions of human p53 and c-myc gene homologues during caryopsis development in maize.

Tumor suppressor gene p53 and proto-oncogene c-myc have been proved to be highly conserved and participate in many PCD processes in animals. In maize, proteins and RNAs related to p53 and c-myc have already been reported and the sequences homologous to these two genes have also been localized onto maize chromosomes by FISH. In this study, using immunohistochemistry we investigated the expression patterns of maize genes homologous to human p53 and c-myc during caryopsis development stages in maize.

Genomic in situ hybridization analysis for identification of introgressed segments in alloplasmic lines from Zea mays x Zea diploperennis.

In this study, the tested four alloplasmic inbred lines, a2-4, a2-5, b1-1 and b2-1 were propagated from the same disease resistant individual in the parthenogenetic progenies of Zea mays L. cv. Lu 9 x Zea diploperennis (DP).

Characterization of the early stages of programmed cell death in maize root cells by using comet assay and the combination of cell electrophoresis with annexin binding.

An emerging topic in plant biology is whether plant cells display similar elements of programmed cell death (PCD) as animal cells do. We have studied cell death in maize roots exposed to cold stress by using fluorescence microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), DNA gel electrophoresis, single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), cell electrophoresis, and annexin binding techniques. The results showed that cell death in maize root cells triggered by cold stress was accompanied by a subset of features characteristic of animal PCD such as nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of alien genes in Agrobacterium-mediated Cry1A(b)-transformed rice.

The transgene in Agrobacterium-mediated Cry1A(b)-transgenic rice plants has been detected and its chromosomal location determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Eight of the nine transgenic lines tested showed hybridization signals. Signals were located on regions of the chromosome in which fraction length (FL) values varied from 26.

[Theoretical studies of QTL analysis of complex genetic diseases in humans].

Some genes controlling human diseases have been located on the regions less than 1 cM using linkage disequilibrium, and a few of them have been cloned. Z. W.

Identification of programmed cell death in situ in individual plant cells in vivo using a chromosome preparation technique.

A simple procedure, which combines a chromosome preparation technique with an in situ labelling technique modified from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), has been developed for in situ detection of plant programmed cell death (PCD) at the single-cell level. After exposure of chromosomes and nuclei on slides by enzymolysis, Klenow or TdT was used to incorporate Bio-dUTP or fluorescein-dUTP at sites of DNA breaks. After Klenow-mediated labelling, the signals were amplified by a cascade of antigen-antibody reaction according to the detection system of FISH.