Video Versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Intubation: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Direct laryngoscopy (DL) is a modality commonly used in endotracheal intubation (EI). Video laryngoscopy (VL) was introduced to further facilitate the procedure with enhancement in glottic views, which captures the video image of the vocal cords to be projected onto a screen, providing enhanced visualization. This real-time video projection aids in accurately placing the endotracheal tube (ETT) through the vocal cords.

Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding HIV transmission, prevention and associated factors in Karachi, Pakistan - A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the misconceptions and attitude regarding HIV transmission and prevention among antenatal mothers, with regards to mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) in three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi.

Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 350 pregnant females was conducted at three tertiary care hospitals in Karachi for 4 months, in 2018. A structured questionnaire covering knowledge about MTCT, prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) and attitudes about HIV transmission was used and all collected data entered and analyzed via SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 25, owned by the IBM Company.

Rescue of a cherubism bone marrow stromal culture phenotype by reducing TGFβ signaling.

We utilized a bone marrow stromal culture system to investigate changes in TGFβ signaling in a mouse model for cherubism (Sh3bp2). Interestingly, bone marrow cultures derived from cherubism mice not only displayed impaired osteoblast differentiation, but also had spontaneous osteoclast formation. PAI1, a target gene of TGFβ signaling, was elevated 2-fold in cherubism CD11b,CD45 cells compared to wild type cells, while the expression of BAMBI, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, was down-regulated.

Effort-related motivational effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6: pharmacological and neurochemical characterization.

Rationale: Motivational dysfunctions such as anergia, fatigue, and reduced effort expenditure are common in patients with depression and other disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in depression, and cytokine administration induces motivational deficits in humans.

Objectives: These studies focused on the effects of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) on effort-related decision-making.