Protective Effect of Hop Ethyl Acetate Extract on Corticosterone-Induced PC12 and Improvement of Depression-like Behavior in Mice.

Depression is a common mental disorder. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to depression and its etiology and pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the neuroprotective and antidepressant effects of hop components.

Transition metal-free C(sp)-H selenation of β-ketosulfones.

The installation of selenium groups has become an essential step across a number of industries such as agrochemicals, drug discovery, and materials. However, direct C(sp)-H selenation, which is most atom economical, remains a formidable challenge, and only a few examples have been reported to date. In this article, we introduce the transition metal-free C(sp)-H selenation with the easily available β-ketosulfones and diselenides as the material source.

Identification of pyroptosis-related subtypes and comprehensive analysis of characteristics of the tumor microenvironment infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death triggered by the inflammasome. Growing evidence has revealed the crucial utility of pyroptosis in tumors. However, the potential mechanism of pyroptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unclear.

Construction and validation of programmed cell death-based molecular clusters for prognostic and therapeutic significance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

As the dominant histological subtype of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) poorly responds to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors could have a durable effect in treating ccRCC patients, the limited availability of dependable biomarkers has restricted their application in clinic. In the study of carcinogenesis and cancer therapies, there has been a recent emphasis on researching programmed cell death (PCD).

Identification of a basement membrane-based risk scoring system for prognosis prediction and individualized therapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) belongs to one of the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis at the advanced stage. Although multiple therapeutic agents have been proven to be curative in ccRCC, their clinical application was limited due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Considering the important role of basement membrane (BM) in tumor metastasis and TME regulation, we investigated the expression of BM-related genes in ccRCC and identified prognostic BM genes through differentially expression analysis and univariate cox regression analysis.

Open-Cage Fullerene as Molecular Container for F , Cl , Br and I.

A 19-membered open-cage fullerene derivative was prepared from C in 7 steps and 5.5 % yield through the peroxide-mediate pathway. There are four carbonyl groups, an ether oxygen and a quinoxaline moiety on the rim of the orifice.

Integrative Analysis of the Genomic and Immune Microenvironment Characteristics Associated With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression: Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy.

Unlike early clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), locally advanced and metastatic ccRCC present poor treatment outcomes and prognosis. As immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved favorable results in the adjuvant treatment of metastatic ccRCC, we aimed to investigate the immunogenomic landscape during ccRCC progression and its potential impact on immunotherapy and prognosis. Using multi-omics and immunotherapy ccRCC datasets, an integrated analysis was performed to identify genomic alterations, immune microenvironment features, and related biological processes during ccRCC progression and evaluate their relevance to immunotherapy response and prognosis.

Photophysical Properties of Naphthalene-oxacalix[]arene and Recognition of Fullerene C.

Three different pore sizes of oxacalix[]arene[]pyrimidines modified with a naphthalene substituent were synthesized and characterized by HRMS, H NMR, and single-crystal analysis ( and ). Steady-state spectroscopy indicates these naphthalene-oxacalix[]arenes exhibit good fluorescence properties, which isattributed to the locally excited (LE) state emission, and electrochemical results show that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process occurs from the naphthalene substituent to the linked pyrimidine. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra, singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ = 45.

Amphotericin B Tamed by Salicylic Acid.

Although Amphotericin B (AmB) is considered as the "gold standard" treatment for deep fungal infections, owing to its excellent antifungal effect, it often causes severe hemolytic toxicity and nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical use. We designed and synthesized AmB derivatives by attaching salicylic acid (SA) to the carboxyl group and confirmed their structures using H NMR, C NMR, HR-MS, and IR. We evaluated its biological activity and measured its ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum.

IL-21 Prevents Expansion of CD8CD28 T Cells Stimulated by IL-15 and Changes Their Subset Distribution.

Background: To examine the effect of interleukin (IL)-21 on the proliferation, subsets, and immunological characteristics of CD8CD28 T cells stimulated by IL-15 in vitro.

Methods: Purified CD8 T cells stimulated with allogeneic CD2 cells obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers were cocultured in the presence of IL-15 alone or IL-21 and IL-15 combined. The dynamic changes in the proliferation, subsets, and phenotypic characteristics of CD8CD28 T cells were detected.

A Novel Immune-Related lncRNA-Based Model for Survival Prediction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer whose incidence and mortality rate are increasing. Identifying immune-related lncRNAs and constructing a model would probably provide new insights into biomarkers and immunotherapy for ccRCC and aid in the prognosis prediction.

Methods: The transcription profile and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

and CD8 T Cell Suppression Assays.

CD8CD28 T suppressor cells (Ts) have been documented to promote immune tolerance by suppressing effector T cell responses to alloantigens following transplantation. The suppressive function of T cells has been defined as the inhibitory effect of Ts on the proliferation rate of effector T cells. H-thymidine is a classical immunological technique for assaying T cell proliferation but this approach has drawbacks such as the inconvenience of working with radioactive materials.

Roles of the Dynamic Tumor Immune Microenvironment in the Individualized Treatment of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently a first-line treatment option for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, recent clinical studies have shown that a large number of patients do not respond to ICIs. Moreover, only a few patients achieve a stable and durable response even with combination therapy based on ICIs.

Identifying 4 Novel lncRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Acute Rejection and Graft Loss of Renal Allograft.

Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplant is one of the major obstacles to obtain ideal graft survival. Reliable molecular biomarkers for AR and renal allograft loss are lacking. This study was performed to identify novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) for diagnosing AR and predicting the risk of graft loss.

Human CD8CD28 T suppressor cells expanded by common gamma chain (γc) cytokines retain steady allospecific suppressive capacity in vivo.

Background: CD8CD28 T suppressor (Ts) cells play critical role in transplant tolerance. Our previous study has generated CD8CD28 Ts cells in vitro which exert robust allospecific suppressive capacity in vitro.

Results: CD8CD28 Ts cells were expanded by stimulating human CD8 T cells with allogeneic antigen presenting cells in the presence of the common gamma chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 in vitro, and were further verified in vitro through day 7 to 11 for their persistency of the allospecific suppressive capacity.

Construction of a novel gene-based model for prognosis prediction of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprises the majority of kidney cancer death worldwide, whose incidence and mortality are not promising. Identifying ideal biomarkers to construct a more accurate prognostic model than conventional clinical parameters is crucial.

Methods: Raw count of RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Effects of calcination temperatures on the structure-activity relationship of Ni-La/AlO catalysts for syngas methanation.

A series of Ni-La/AlO catalysts for the syngas methanation reaction were prepared by a mechanochemical method and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N adsorption-desorption, H temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The calcination temperatures (350-700 °C) had significant impacts on the crystallite sizes and interactions between NiO and AlO. The catalyst calcined at 400 °C (cat-400) showed a 12.

Different Effects of Interleukin 21 and Interleukin 15 on In Vitro Expanded CD8+ T Cells Stimulated by Alloantigen.

Objective: To investigate the effects of IL (interleukin) 21 on CD8 T cells stimulated by alloantigen in the presence of IL-15 in vitro.

Methods: CD8 T cells sorted with MicroBeads from fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with antigen-presenting cells derived from HLA-A, -B, and -DR full-mismatched individuals for 9 days without any cytokines, in the presence of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15 combined with IL-21, respectively. The proliferation and phenotypic characteristics of CD28 and CD28 subsets were measured after 9 days of culture.

Interactive Aggregation-Induced Emission Systems Controlled by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules show all kinds of application in biological research, chemical sensing, and medical study. However, most of the reported molecules are based on the performance of the single molecular entity. In this paper, a molecular system for real-time sensing through combination of dynamic covalent chemistry and aggregation-induced emission was rationally designed and tested.

[Establishment of a nomogram model to predict systemic inflammatory response syndrome after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy].

Objective: To access the risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUS-Bp) and establish a model and a nomogram for the prediction of SIRS after TRUS-Bp.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 752 cases of TRUS-Bp in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2017 and included 570 of the cases in this study. We investigated the independent risk factors for SIRS after TRUS-Bp by univariate and logistic regression analyses, constructed a prediction model and nomogram with the R-Statistics software, evaluated the discrimination of the model with the ROC curve, and measured the conformity by SPSS25.

Human CD8CD28 T Suppressor Cells Expanded by IL-15 Suppress in an Allospecific and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Dependent Manner.

CD8CD28 T suppressor cells (Ts) have been recently documented to play an important role in alloimmunity. Therefore, understanding and optimizing the conditions under which these cells are generated and/or expanded would greatly facilitate further research and potential clinical use. In this study, we describe rapid expansion of human allospecific CD8CD28 Ts cells through coculture of CD8 T cells with human leukocyte antigen-mismatched donor antigen-presenting cells plus IL-15 in a relative short period of time .

Synthetic Immunotherapeutics against Gram-negative Pathogens.

While traditional drug discovery continues to be an important platform for the search of new antibiotics, alternative approaches should also be pursued to complement these efforts. We herein designed a class of molecules that decorate bacterial cell surfaces with the goal of re-engaging components of the immune system toward Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. More specifically, conjugates were assembled using polymyxin B (an antibiotic that inherently attaches to the surface of Gram-negative pathogens) and antigenic epitopes that recruit antibodies found in human serum.

Lipid Raft Formation: Key Role of Polyunsaturated Phospholipids.

The forces that drive lipid raft formation are poorly understood. To date, most of the attention has focused on attractive interactions between cholesterol and high-melting lipids. Remarkably little attention has been paid to repulsive forces.

Simple Strategy for Taming Membrane-Disrupting Antibiotics.

A strategy has been devised for increasing the cellular selectivity of membrane-disrupting antibiotics based on the attachment of a facially amphiphilic sterol. Using Amphotericin B (AmB) as a prototype, covalent attachment of cholic acid bound to a series of α,ω-diamines has led to a dramatic reduction in hemolytic activity, a significant reduction in toxicity toward HEK293T cells, and significant retention of antifungal activity.