Electron Density Learning of Z-Bonds in Ionic Liquids and Its Application.

Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit fascinating properties due to special Z-bonds and have been widely used in electrochemical systems. The local Z-bond networks potentially cause a discrepancy in electrochemical properties. Understanding the correlations between the Z-bond energy () and the electrochemical properties is helpful to identify appropriate ILs.

Relation disentanglement, the potential risk assessment, and source identification of heavy metals in the sediment of the Changzhao Reservoir, Zhejiang Province.

Heavy metal contamination in the water body is a distinctly important issue for the water security of the reservoir. 114 sediment samples of Changzhao Reservoir were collected to investigate the spatial (horizontal and vertical) distribution characteristics, risk assessment, and source identification of heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals at the surface layer of sediment were slightly higher compared with that at the middle and bottom layer sediment in the most sampling sites.

Ultralow Friction and High Robustness of Monolayer Ionic Liquids.

Ultralow friction between interacting surfaces in relative motion is of vital importance in many pure and applied sciences. We found that surfaces bearing ordered monolayer ionic liquids (ILs) can have friction coefficient μ values as low as 0.001 at pressures up to 78 MPa and exhibit good structure recoverability.

Water-Controlled Structural Transition and Charge Transfer of Interfacial Ionic Liquids.

Clarification of the water-induced structural transitions and electron transfer between ionic liquids (ILs) and a solid surface allows for establishing a unified view of the electrical properties of interfacial ILs via a hitherto unexplored pathway. Here, we propose a simple and effective method to quantitatively identify and extract the transferred electrons between ILs and a solid surface, while demonstrating the critical structural transition of interfacial ILs from ordered stripe structures to disordered aggregation structures. The formation of hydrated anions, rooted in the hydrogen bonds of O-H···O between the anion and water, lies at the tipping point where electron transfer ends and aggregation structure begins.

Insights into Ionic Liquids: From Z-Bonds to Quasi-Liquids.

Ionic liquids (ILs) hold great promise in the fields of green chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable technology due to their unique properties, such as a tailorable structure, the various types available, and their environmentally friendly features. On the basis of multiscale simulations and experimental characterizations, two unique features of ILs are as follows: (1) strong coupling interactions between the electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds, namely in the Z-bond, and (2) the unique semiordered structure and properties of ultrathin films, specifically regarding the quasi-liquid. In accordance with the aforementioned theoretical findings, many cutting-edge applications have been proposed: for example, CO capture and conversion, biomass conversion and utilization, and energy storage materials.

Effects of black carbon-based thin-layer capping for nitrogen-overloaded sediment remediation on microbial community assembly.

Black carbon is considered as a promising material for thin-layer capping for sediment remediation. However, the effects of black carbon-based thin-layer capping on microbial communities have not been thoroughly studied. Here, the preparation conditions of capping material were optimized, and the interaction and assembly mechanisms of the microbial community in sediment under black carbon capping were studied.

Microbial community shift via black carbon: Insight into biological nitrogen removal from microbial assemblage and functional patterns.

Understanding the ecological relationship of microbial community under external stimulation is crucial for environmental restoration. Black carbon (e.g.

Enhanced biological nitrogen removal from sediment by graphene derivative-mediated community assembly.

Understanding the underlying mechanism that drives the microbial community mediated by graphene derivative is crucial for achieving the enhancement of biological nitrogen removal by external stimulation. The main objectives of this study were to identify the bacterial community assembly mechanism via null model test and molecular ecological network analysis in the sediment culture system. Results showed graphene derivative increased biological nitrogen removal efficiency by 125%.

A novel hydroxofluorographene-coated melamine foam for efficient and repeatable oil removal from water.

With the frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents and the continuous discharge of oily water during oil production and transportation, effective oil removal from environmental water by adsorption still faces severe challenges. Here, a novel absorbent hydroxofluorographene-coated melamine foam, namely G(OH)F@MF, with high affinity to oils was fabricated via stepwise assembly. The G(OH)F@MF absorbent achieved effective removal of various oils within 1 min with relatively high adsorption capacities for petrol (89.

A space-confined strategy toward large-area two-dimensional crystals of ionic liquid.

Understanding and manipulating nano-confined ionic liquids (ILs) has tremendous implications in nanotechnology and chemical engineering. Here, a peculiar growth phenomenon of a nano-confined [Bmim][NTFI] ionic liquid is revealed by utilizing two-dimensional channels in mica. The intercalated ILs underwent liquid-solid transition and self-assembled into a self-similar two-dimensional crystal in an epitaxial relation with the confining material.

Height-driven structure and thermodynamic properties of confined ionic liquids inside carbon nanochannels from molecular dynamics study.

Understanding the structural transition of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in a nanospace is imperative for the application of ILs in energy storage, gas separation, and other chemical engineering techniques. In this work, the quantitative relations between the properties and height of the nanochannel (H) for the ([Emim][TFN]) IL are explored through molecular dynamics simulations. Interestingly, the entropy of the confined IL exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior as H increases: initially increasing for H < 1.

Response of nitrite accumulation and microbial characteristics to low-intensity static magnetic field during partial nitrification.

Static magnetic field (SMF) with the intensity of 15 mT was applied during partial nitrification (PN) process to evaluate the impacts on nitrogen transformation and microbial characteristics. Results showed that the startup period of PN process at ambient temperature was markedly shortened by SMF, and the nitrite accumulation increased by 18% due to SMF exposure. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene copy numbers in the reactor with SMF exposure were 40% higher than that without SMF exposure, indicating the AOB abundance was enriched by SMF exposure.

NHC-catalyzed regiodivergent syntheses of difunctionalized 3-pyrazolidinones from α-bromoenal and monosubstituted hydrazine.

A formal [3 + 2] annulation of α-bromoenal with monosubstituted hydrazine could give 1,5 or 2,5-difunctionalized 3-pyrazolidinone regiodivergently by tuning the structure of the N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyst. Moderate to high yields, mild reaction conditions, good regioselectivity and potential biological significance of the final product have made this protocol attractive for the assembly of 3-pyrazolidinone.

[The effects of dentists'performance on the clinical effects of root canal preparation].

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of dentists'performance on the clinical efficacies of root canal preparation.

Methods: 164 teeth, including 66 vital teeth and 98 necrotic pulp teeth , were divided into two groups in random. All the root canals were prepared using ProTaper nickel-titanium rotary by two dentists with junior senior qualification.

[A study on the accuracy of electronic root canal length measurement and its influential factors].

Purpose: To study the accuracy of JUSTY-II electronic apex locator and the influential factors on the accuracy of root canal working length measurement.

Methods: 148 teeth, including 71 teeth with pulpitis, 46 with necrotic pulp and 31 with apical periodontitis, were divided into two groups in random. The accuracy of electronic root canal working length measurement group was compared with that of the manual measurement group by Chi(2) test.

[Clinical study of the effect of preventing dentine hypersensitiveness by using Fluor Protector and Green Or on the prepared vital pulp abutment teeth].

Purpose: To study and evaluate the effect preventing dentine hypersensitiveness by using Fluor Protector or Green Or on the prepared vital pulp abutment teeth of PFM bridges.

Methods: 118 cases, 246 prepared vital pulp abutment teeth, were randomly divided into three groups: Experimental Group A--treated with the Fluor Protector and temporary crown; Experimental Group B--treated with the Green Or and temporary crown, and Control Group--only using temporary crown. The results of desensitization in 3 groups were evaluated.

[A comparison of the effect between Vitapex paste and antibiotic paste in apexification.].

Purpose: To study the effects of two root canal filling material in the apexification.

Methods: 172 juvenile permanent teeth,including 62 teeth with pulpitis, 32 teeth with necrotic pulp and 78 teeth with periapical periodontitis, were divided into two groups.The root canal was filled with Vitapex paste and antibiotic paste.