Apoplast-Localized β-Glucosidase Elevates Isoflavone Accumulation in the Soybean Rhizosphere.

Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) are often stored as glycosides within cells and released from the roots with some chemical modifications. While isoflavones are known to function as symbiotic signals with rhizobia and to modulate the soybean rhizosphere microbiome, the underlying mechanisms of root-to-soil delivery are poorly understood. In addition to transporter-mediated secretion, the hydrolysis of isoflavone glycosides in the apoplast by an isoflavone conjugate-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase (ICHG) has been proposed but not yet verified.

Synthesis and Secretion of Isoflavones by Field-Grown Soybean.

Isoflavones play important roles in rhizosphere plant-microbe interactions. Daidzein and genistein secreted by soybean roots induce the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia and may modulate rhizosphere interactions with microbes. Yet despite their important roles, little is known about the biosynthesis, secretion and fate of isoflavones in field-grown soybeans.

Influence of riders' skill on plasma cortisol levels of horses walking on forest and field trekking courses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rider's skill on the plasma cortisol levels of trekking horses on two courses, walking on field and forest courses (about 4.5 to 5.1 km each).

Developmental and nutritional regulation of isoflavone secretion from soybean roots.

Isoflavones play important roles in plant-microbe interactions in rhizospheres. Soybean roots secrete daidzein and genistein to attract rhizobia. Despite the importance of isoflavones in plant-microbe interactions, little is known about the developmental and nutritional regulation of isoflavone secretion from soybean roots.

Asymmetric meso-aziridine ring-opening reactions using a chiral zirconium catalyst.

A chiral zirconium catalyst prepared from Zr(O(t)Bu)4 and a chiral tridentate BINOL was found to be effective for asymmetric meso-aziridine ring-opening reactions with aniline derivatives. The N-benzhydryl group on the product obtained was easily cleaved to give the corresponding amine in high yield under reductive conditions.

Enhancement of endotoxin-induced vascular hyporeactivity to phenylephrine in the thoracic aortas of Mg-deficient rats ex vivo.

Since endotoxin lethality is enhanced by Mg deficiency in animals, we determined whether endotoxin-induced vascular hyporeactivity to phenylephrine (PE) is enhanced in Mg-deficient rats. Normal and Mg-deficient adult male Wistar rats were injected with Escherichia coli 011: B4 lipopolysaccharide (1 or 5 mg/kg, i.p.