Cerebellar contribution to emotion regulation and its association with medial frontal GABA level.

Distancing involves changing perspectives to alter the psychological distance from stimuli that elicit emotional reactions as a tactic to regulate emotions. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study aimed to examine 1) whether the neural correlates of emotion upregulation via distancing differ across emotional valence (i.e.

The Lateral Occipito-temporal Cortex Is Involved in the Mental Manipulation of Body Part Imagery.

The lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC), including the extrastriate body area, is known to be involved in the perception of body parts. Although still controversial, recent studies have demonstrated the role of the LOTC in higher-level body-related cognition in humans. This study consisted of two experiments (E1 and E2).

Alterations in Phase-Related Prefrontal Activation During Cognitive Tasks and Nicotinic α4β2 Receptor Availability in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Evidence shows that the cholinergic system plays an important role in regulating working memory and that working memory-related prefrontal activation decreases with age and neuronal degeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relation between attention-related α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic function and task-induced prefrontal activation especially time course-related activation remains to be explored.

Objective: We aimed to elucidate the relationship between changes in task-induced oxy-hemoglobin concentration (cerebral blood flow, CBF) in the prefrontal cortex and the availability of α4β2 nicotinic receptors in the brain of AD patients in light of their task performance.

Pre-task prefrontal activation during cognitive processes in aging: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Purpose: Cognitive processing generally deteriorates as people age. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in human-specific behavior, such as preparing for future actions and prospective memory; hence, the PFC may be voluntarily activated even during the "resting" condition that precedes task execution. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in voluntary pre-task activation as a result of aging using a paradigm that includes a longer intertrial interval (e.

Alterations in α4β2 nicotinic receptors in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's aetiopathology.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype α4β2 is considered important in the regulation of attention and memory, and cholinergic degeneration is known as one pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Brain amyloid-β protein deposition is also a key pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease. Recent amyloid-β imaging has shown many cognitively normal subjects with amyloid-β deposits, indicating a missing link between amyloid-β deposition and cognitive decline.

In vivo mesolimbic D2/3 receptor binding predicts posttherapeutic clinical responses in restless legs syndrome: a positron emission tomography study.

Although D2/3 agonists have been used as a first-line medication for idiopathic restless legs syndrome (iRLS), findings on D2/3 receptors have been inconsistent. Here, we aimed to clarify the contribution of D2/3 receptor function to the clinical symptoms of iRLS by comparing the binding potential (BP(ND)) of [(11)C]raclopride with clinical improvements after D2/3 stimulation by pramipexole. Eight drug-naïve, iRLS patients and eight age-matched healthy subjects were scanned with positron emission tomography (PET).