One-Step Synthesis of Cyclophanes as Crystalline Sponge and Their [2]Catenanes through S Ar Reactions.

This work reports that cyclophanes and their [2]catenanes were synthesized by the S Ar reactions of disubstituted adamantanes bearing halophenol units and 3,6-dichlorotetrazine in moderate yields. In the crystalline state, the cyclophanes had hexagonal structures with a cavity. The [2]catenanes were composed of two macrocycles that were singly interlocked and orthogonally arranged, indicating the construction from eight component molecules through eight C-O bonds in a one-step reaction in up to 33 % yield.

FOXP3 and CTLA4 overexpression in multiple myeloma bone marrow as a sign of accumulation of CD4(+) T regulatory cells.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) development involves a series of genetic abnormalities and changes in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, favoring the growth of the tumor and failure of local immune control. T regulatory (Treg) cells play an important role in dampening anti-tumor immune responses while T-helper-17 (Th17) cells seem to be critical for the eradication of malignant cells. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of Treg- and Th17-related genes in total myeloma BM samples to assess their role as biomarkers, prognostic factors, and possible therapeutic targets in this incurable disease.

CD200 has an important role in the differential diagnosis of mature B-cell neoplasms by multiparameter flow cytometry.

Background: Multiparameter flow cytometry is a useful tool for the diagnostic evaluation of mature B-cell neoplasms (MBN). Recently, it has been shown that CD200 may improve the distinction between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; CD200+) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; CD200-), but the role of CD200 expression in atypical CLL and other MBN remains to be established.

Methods: To address this issue, we investigated the expression of CD200 in 159 consecutive cases of MBN.

CD200 has an important role in the differential diagnosis of mature B-cell neoplasms by multiparameter flow cytometry.

Background: Multiparameter flow cytometry is a useful tool for the diagnostic evaluation of mature B-cell neoplasms (MBN). Recently, it has been shown that CD200 may improve the distinction between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; CD200+) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; CD200-), but the role of CD200 expression in atypical CLL and other MBN remains to be established. Methods: To address this issue, we investigated the expression of CD200 in 159 consecutive cases of MBN.

Inhibition of human hepatic cytochrome P450s and steroidogenic CYP17 by nonylphenol.

Effect of nonylphenol on aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, a typical drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, by ten kinds of human hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYP) and on progesterone 17alpha-hydroxylase activity by steroidogenic CYP17 was investigated. When determined at 2 mM substrate concentration, nonylphenol (1 mM) most efficiently inhibited aminopyrine N-demethylation by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, by 61% and 59%, respectively, followed by CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C18 and CYP2C8 (46-51%), whereas inhibition of the activities by other CYPs was less than 27%. Additionally, nonylphenol competitively inhibited diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation by CYP2C9 and S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation by CYP2C19 with Ki values of 5.