A double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled trial to identify the chemical assistance effect of mesna submucosal injection for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: Previous animal studies and a pilot clinical trial demonstrated that submucosal injection of a thiol compound called mesna could chemically soften connective tissues and thus facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Objective: To evaluate whether mesna injection could reduce procedural times for gastric ESD.

Design: Double-blind, block-randomized, controlled trial.

Serum leptin levels during the periparturient period in cows.

Serum leptin concentrations were measured in antenatal and postnatal cows housed at two different locations. The mean serum leptin concentration was 9.2 +/- 0.