Shape Measurement of Single Gold Nanorods in Water Using Open-Access Optical Microcavities.

Shape measurement of single nanoparticles in fluids is an outstanding challenge with applications in characterizing synthetic functional nanoparticles and in early warning detection of rod-shaped pathogens in water supplies. Here we introduce a novel technique to measure the aspect ratio of rod-shaped particles by analyzing changes in the polarization state of a laser beam transmitted through an optical microcavity through which the particle diffuses. The resolution in aspect ratio measurement is found to be around 1%.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reflect the Molecular Mechanism of Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato.

Sweet potato ( (L.) Lam.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world, with outstanding stress tolerance, but drought stress can lead to a significant decrease in its yield.

A novel botybirnavirus with a unique satellite dsRNA causes latent infection in isolated from tea plants.

A novel botybirnavirus, infecting the tea plant pathogen and tentatively named Didymella theifolia botybirnavirus 1 (DtBRV1), together with an additional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), was characterized. DtBRV1 comprises two dsRNAs (1 and 2) encapsidated in isometric virions, while dsRNA3 is a satellite. The satellite represents a unique specimen since it contains a duplicated region and has high similarity to the two botybirnavirus dsRNAs, supporting the notion that it most likely originated from a deficient genomic component.

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Details of the Molecular Regulation of Resistance to Stem Nematode in Sweet Potato.

Stem nematode disease can seriously reduce the yield of sweet potato ( (L.) Lam). To explore resistance mechanism to stem nematode in sweet potato, transcriptomes and metabolomes were sequenced and compared between two sweet potato cultivars, the resistant Zhenghong 22 and susceptible Longshu 9, at different times after stem nematode infection.

Two low-toxic Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from gut of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens are multi-resistance to sulfonamides and cadmium.

In recent years, pollution of antibiotics and heavy metal has often been reported in organic wastes. Saprophytic insects have been recorded as biological control agents in organic waste management. During organic waste conversion, the intestinal bacteria of the saprophytic insects play an important role in digestion, physiology, immunity and prevention of pathogen colonization.

Reinforcement of CHH methylation through RNA-directed DNA methylation ensures sexual reproduction in rice.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that regulates the expression of genes and transposons. RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is the main molecular pathway responsible for de novo DNA methylation in plants. Although the mechanism of RdDM has been well studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), most mutations in RdDM genes cause no remarkable developmental defects in Arabidopsis.

Removal and recovery of phosphate and fluoride from water with reusable mesoporous FeO@mSiO@mLDH composites as sorbents.

Three core/shell/shell MgAl-LDH composites using FeO microspheres as the core, a SiO matrix as the inner layer and a MgAl-LDH layer as the outer shell have been synthesized for the removal and recovery of phosphate and fluoride from water by a magnetic separation technique. The synthetic mesoporous MgAl-LDH composites show good magnetic separability, well-defined pore distributions, and have specific surface areas of 73 m g, 168 m g, and 137 m g for FeO@SiO@LDH350, FeO@SiO@mLDH350, and FeO@mSiO@mLDH350, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of both phosphate and fluoride on these MgAl-LDH composites can be well fitted with the Langmuir model.