Psycho-linguistic and educational challenges in Teaching Chinese (Mandarin) Language: voices from None-Chinese teachers of Mandarin language.

Background: Chinese/Mandarin language instruction to undergraduate students from non-Chinese speaking countries has become a topic of increasing interest, driven by China's influential role in global political and economic dynamics. With Mandarin being the language spoken by approximately 70% of Chinese speakers, it is not only taught within China but also in institutions around the world. While teaching any second or foreign language presents unique challenges, the specific challenges faced in Mandarin language education have not received comprehensive scrutiny, prompting the need for further investigation.

Discovery of potent and highly selective covalent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase bearing triazine scaffold.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), as a key regulator of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases such as leukemia and B-cell malignancies. Herein, a series of compounds bearing 1, 3, 5-triazine core were prepared, and their biological activities on BTK were determined. Then the molecular docking study and ADME property prediction were made and a highly potent selective BTK inhibitor B8 (IC = 21.

The Formation of Teachers' Intrinsic Motivation in Professional Development.

Teachers' development is a coordinated and systematic process of external behavior and internal states. Motivation is a reflection of teachers' states and levels of development. Intrinsic motivation is an ideal motivation to support teachers' high-level development.

[Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane].

Objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing anesthesia induction by sevoflurane.

Method: Eighty patients for elective endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia operations were randomly and double-blindly divided into Dex combined with fentanyl group (Group DF) and the fentanyl group (Group F) from April 2011 to September 2011 at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and there were 40 cases in each group. The investigation was approved by all the patients and by the Ethics Committee of the hospital.