A Rat Anti-Mouse CD39 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry.

By converting extracellular adenosine triphosphate to adenosine, CD39 is involved in adenosine metabolism. The extracellular adenosine plays a critical role in the immune suppression of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the inhibition of CD39 activity by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is thought to be one of the important strategies for tumor therapy.

Development of a Novel Anti-CD44 Variant 5 Monoclonal Antibody CMab-3 for Multiple Applications against Pancreatic Carcinomas.

Pancreatic cancer exhibits a poor prognosis due to the lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and the resistance to conventional chemotherapy. CD44 has been known as a cancer stem cell marker and plays tumor promotion and drug resistance roles in various cancers. In particular, the splicing variants are overexpressed in many carcinomas and play essential roles in the cancer stemness, invasiveness or metastasis, and resistance to treatments.

Epitope Mapping of the Novel Anti-Human CCR9 Monoclonal Antibody (CMab-11) by 2 × Alanine Scanning.

We recently developed a novel anti-human C-C chemokine receptor 9 (hCCR9) monoclonal antibody (mAb), CMab-11, which is applicable to flow cytometry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study aims to identify the binding epitope of CMab-11 by using 1 × and 2 × alanine (or glycine) substituted-hCCR9 peptides (1 × and 2 × Ala-scan) by ELISA. According to the 1 × Ala-scan analysis, the response of CMab-11 was diminished against M13A of the hCCR9 peptide, but was not eliminated.

Epitope Mapping Using the Cell-Based 2 × Alanine Substitution Method About the Anti-mouse CXCR6 Monoclonal Antibody, CxMab-1.

An anti-mouse CXC chemokine receptor 6 (mCXCR6) monoclonal antibody (mAb), CxMab-1, was developed recently. CxMab-1 is applicable for flow cytometry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The purpose of this study is to determine the binding epitope of CxMab-1 using 2 × alanine mutated mCXCR6.

Development of a Monoclonal Antibody PMab-295 Against Elephant Podoplanin.

Podoplanin (PDPN) is an essential marker of lung type I alveolar cells, kidney podocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can specifically recognize PDPN in immunohistochemistry are important to analyze the development of tissues and the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancers. We have developed anti-PDPN mAbs against many animal species; however, mAbs that can recognize elephant-derived membrane proteins and distinguish the specific cell types in immunohistochemistry are limited.

CMab-3: An Anti-Mouse CCR8 Monoclonal Antibody for Immunocytochemistry.

The C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is highly expressed in regulatory T cells. CCR8 is also expressed in many cancers and is associated with those progression. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CCR8 leads to cancer immunotherapy and elucidation of unknown mechanisms of CCR8-dependent cancer progression.

Expression of recombinant alpha and beta tubulins from the yew Taxus cuspidata and analysis of the microtubule assembly in the presence of taxol.

Taxol was originally isolated from the yew Taxus brevifolia. Because taxol inhibits the depolymerization of microtubules, the presence of a self-resistance mechanism in Taxus spp. was hypothesized.